During the nineteenth century, Britain had embarked on several journeys through out the world including Africa, China, and foremost India. Great Britain had established small governments and rule over these areas and had begun a program to use these areas for her own economic gains. The British brought their great heritage, western thoughts, and technology to India improving the society formally established by local leaders scattered about the large nation. British rule in India has settled many social issues among the Indian people such as sati, economically benefits both India and Britain, and finally brings “peace and order” (Naoroji) to the Indian people.
In an unindustrialized society such as India, many traditional and somewhat depressing religious acts take place. One of these is sati, or ritual widow burnings upon the death of her husband. After recognition of these murders and the mixed lawful reactions in effect of them, Governor-General William Bentinck of the East India Company addressed the issue. He put forth a confused mixed opinion on the subject, but finally resolves by stating, “The first and primary object of my heart is the benefit of the Hindus. I know nothing so important to the improvement of their future condition as the establishment of a purer morality, whatever their belief, and a more just conception of the will of God” (Bentinck). He wants to abolish sati for the betterment of the Hindu people and thus the betterment of the Indian society. Finally, Dadabhai Naoroji stated, concerning the disadvantages of British rule on Indian humanity, “Nothing.”
The original focus of British occupation in India was economic expansion. The British East India Company, through various trading posts, provided many products to Britain including indigo, coffee, tea, silk, cotton, and salt. These raw materials were provided to the factories cheaply thus furthering economic expansion in Britain. Eventually, some of the British factory owners opened factories in India, employing Indian while making goods such as textiles even cheaper to consumers in Europe. India also benefited from economic expansion. India is almost completely linked by railroads that reach to the farthest points of India. This extensive railroad system is accredited to the British. The British have also contributed to the advancement of agriculture by incorporating irrigation into the farms. This not only benefits Great Britain by providing more and better farm products, but also helps the Indian people by providing a better food supply, decreasing famine and starvation.
The British not only established trading posts in India, but also a government based in the democratic ideology of Great Britain. Before the time of British rule as in any unindustrialized nation, periodic civil war or continental tribal wars take place. As stated by Naoroji, the British have provided the protection to the Indian people from the “devastation by war.” The British provided benefits such as freedom of the press and speech, protection of property, and justice between all people.
British imperial rule in India has had a positive influence on both Great Britain and India. The economic gains for Great Britain are unimaginable; not only does India provide Britain with inexpensive raw materials, India will eventually become an inexpensive source of labor for British factories. Indian society has benefited from the extensive rail system, agriculture improvements bettering the food supply, and peace and order. “To sum up the whole, the British rule has been: morally, a great blessing….” (Naoroji).
Works Cited
Bentinck, William. "On Ritual Murder in India, 1829." Modern History Sourcebook. 1997. Fordham University . 7 Mar 2007 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1829bentinck.html. Naoroji, Dadabhai. "The Benefits of British Rule, 1871." Modern History Sourcebook. 1998. Fordham University . 7 Mar 2007 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1871britishrule.html.
A new stage of anxiety has bestowed the European Nation; the coming of war is inevitable, because of a upset in the balance of European powers. Germany, once a group of individual states, is now a unified nation under King William, and is one of the most powerful nations in Europe. Nations, that were once enemies, like France and our great country of Britain, are now allied nations in fear of war. However, the European states are now racing for power, by seeking investment in non-European states. A new age of imperialism has begun, and as the people find the themselves with capital to spend, they find investment in non-European affairs. As John Hobson explains “They needed Imperialism because they desired to use the public resources of their country to find profitable employment for their capital which otherwise would be superfluous.…”. Thus based on this new age of anxiety, and other factors, it is advised that Britain remains in this race of imperialism, if not for the economic prosperity, but for the coming of war, and to defend our great nation we need to keep being one of Europe’s greatest powers.
Nationalism is a powerful force, it brings people together who share a common culture, and it can even unify states against all odds. Take for example the unification of Italy, who retook their northern land from Austria-Hungry. Why go to war to get these lands, the nationalistic need to have a powerful and unified Italy, is what brought the Italians together. Imperialism is also a effect of nationalism, in order for the nation to be powerful, the nation needs to have a empire. Look at the Roman Empire, once a weak nation, it developed a army and expanded its territories to become the most powerful nation at the time. Thus, I believe it is best for Britain, as a nation, to become involved in imperialism. However, there are those, like Edmund Burke, who are disgusted at the fact that it is not the aristocrats who benefit from imperialism. Edmund burke argues that imperialism is a bad approach, but he does not realize that the days of aristocrats, are coming to an end. It is time for the new middle class to seek wealth from imperialism, to better the nation.
Some will argue against the European nations taking advantage over the weak non-European nations. However, it is our duty to take over weak nations to better our own, because it is natural law. We are coming to a day and age where there is need to survive, “survival of the fittest”, as Herbert Spencer put it. As Rudyard Kipling says, it is also the “white mans burden” to go to these non-European countries and bring civilization. It would be unmoral to let these countries go on with their uncivilized ways. Thus as a European nation, that needs to become more powerful to survive, and has the right to become more powerful, should use a new imperialistic approach to non-European affairs.
It has come to my attention that recently there has been a conflict in views over the ideas of imperialism in this day and age. Some have found that imperialism is no more than an assertion of power over less fortunate countries as a result of Britain’s greed and economic determination. While I have no doubt that economic advantages are a major factor in the imperialism of foreign nations, I strongly disagree in the thought that all of this work has been done out of greed. I present the following questions to those who may challenge my thinking: If we do not bring our grace and knowledge into these less developed nations, will not someone else? And do we not risk our status and power in this highly competitive world if we fail to take action? Would this not be an insult to those before us who have fought and died to make Britain the most respected and powerful country of this world? To answer these, we must look at the benefits our nation has brought to these impoverished countries. Specifically in India our presence has not gone unnoticed or unappreciated. The gifts of knowledge and order are rare to this land, which has lived in struggle and turmoil for most of its life. Our quest into India has been most successful in ridding the people of the most hideous practices, and instead imposing upon them the ideas of instruction and grace. Many people in Britain may not know of the practice of sati, but I have heard of it and I can tell you it is the most horrid in nature. In this native belief the widows of men were in many cases forced to throw themselves upon the flame of their husband’s funeral pyre. Now, this policy has come under question and if it were not for the British decisions to imperialize India, the poor, helpless women of this land may still be facing the most painful of deaths. If the salvation of humanity is not enough to convince that imperialism is the correct path, consider also that the status of our British empire would fall under attack had we not chosen to follow this calling. The Second Industrial Revolution ushered in a new were and with it the creation of more developed nations. The prosperity of Germany and Denmark has increased rapidly due to technological advances of each country. In turn, Britain has seen itself struggle to stay ahead as advancements in technology have not come without their challenges. If we were not to follow the call of imperialism we would risk our placement as the head of this world, and this would allow for other nations to reduce us to a mere European country. In addition, Europeans nations are not the only ones thriving, our former colonial hold, the United States of America, is too flourishing and asserting itself as a powerful leader. Had Britain not followed the path of imperialism we would risk losing our hold on this world, not only to Europe, but to America as well. This disgrace must surely never occur. Overall our fine nation has over many years, and not without many deaths, secured itself as the leader in domination of this world. We cannot risk losing this delicate position as the competition around us grows. We cannot sit back and abstain as other countries rise to our level of supremacy. We, as a country, must continue to work together and prosper, and not just for our benefit, but for the benefit of those countries touched by our grace. It is our duty to follow the calling of imperialism to assure ourselves of our preeminence and to allow those less fortunate then us to begin a life of knowledge and peace.
Britain’s policy of imperialism in China is doing a disservice to this Britain and the Chinese. It is bad for the Chinese people because it has addicted them to a dangerous and expensive drug, opium. As for the British people, it is causing us to lose our morality with the sale of the drug opium and it also puts our lives and property at risk because of dangerous Chinese uprisings. No one can say that the British entering China was possibly good for the Chinese people. We have brought opium into China and it is having very negative effects on the Chinese people. Not only is it a dangerous drugs with terrible health effects, it also has become addicting to the Chinese people and is causing them to waste all of their money and impoverish themselves. They have traded many of the valuable and essential goods that they produce in exchange for this expensive and useless drug. While the sale of this drug is extremely profitable to us British, it is destroying the fabric of Chinese society. In addition, the sale of this drug has angered many in China. As illustrated in Commissioner Lin’s letter to Queen Victoria, among these angry people is the emperor of China. If the emperor decides to act, it is possible that we could lose all trade with China for a long time. So, if we pull back now, we can salvage our relationship with China. It has also become quite evident that we are angering the Chinese with our interference, especially in matters of religion. The Boxer Rebellion aimed at whites and Christians was a great example of this. Many in China resent our presence and would be willing to resort to violence to force us to leave. If we don’t pull out soon, more innocent British lives may be lost to these rebels. Another rebellion by these Chinese could also result in the loss and destruction of large amounts of British property. At this point, trading with the Chinese has become more trouble than it is worth. Lastly, it is important to us as British people that we keep a good moral conscience and not be viewed as evil or immoral. With this in mind, no Brit can consent to the sale of opium to uneducated foreigners. Many don’t know about the dangerous evils of the drug because they haven’t encountered it in China. I feel that it would add credibility to all our future endeavors if we attempted to keep our image as a clean and Christian nation. If we are seen as malicious and untrustworthy, who will want to do trade with us in the future? I advocate the complete withdrawal of Britain from China. Right now the country of China is a ticking time bomb, and it is only so long before it explodes with violence. Withdrawing from China may cost us immediately from a financial standpoint but is worth it for long term security.
Mark Morris A.P. European History 8 March 2007 Mr. Kirby
An Essay on Imperialism
Many people in our grand nation of Britain have come to question our imperialistic nature. This way of thinking is preposterous, for the ruling of other territories can do nothing but benefit our great nation. By controlling other parts of the world Britain is to be made stronger both militarily and economically, and by doing we shall improve the lives of the natives in the lands we control. For one thing the ruling of other nations is a great show of military power. It shows our adversaries who they are truly competing against. Imperializing other nations also prevents our enemies from utilizing the resources found within their boarders. If this were to happen their war machines might possibly out strip those of our most powerful nation, an act not one true British citizen would like to see. This act would put our great nation at a severe military disadvantage for we are an island nation and depend on what can be brought to us across the channel. If we control continental properties Britain can become very self sufficient, therefore not needing to depend on others for aid. To our enemies from rising to power Britain must gain control of colonies now and prevent these threats before they become a reality. Our colonies could be used as buffer zones against attack, or supply points in case of attack. With our colonial holdings our military could easily re-supply and protect or attack any holding we have on the globe. Not only does the controlling of these countries show military might but it can be used for economic reasons and creating sources of income not only for the country but for the individual as well. Let us take a look at India for example. Here is a country that has been brought under control by the East India Company. In this vast nation many useful resources have been found and many others are being grown. Indigo, hardwoods, rice, sugar, and many other useful plants can be grown in this bountiful nation. Also factories in this country are churning out garments out and being sold in European markets as well in India for a much cheaper price greatly benefiting the British buyer. Also with India and other countries under our control are open to never before existing markets for British goods, therefore creating an even more prosperous economy for Britain. Not only are the British bringing new goods over to these countries they are improving them as well. Many people call into question whether the British are destroying the countries they are colonizing. This is not true. Again with India the East India Company has laid down thousands of miles of railroad tracks, and roads for transportation. This allows for a faster flow of goods services and ideas. Also schools and hospitals have been built to help educate the local populations. It is clearly expressed in the works of Thomas Babington Macaulay that the languages spoken in India are “poor” or “rude” and somewhat primitive. It would do well for the people to be educated in English. The hospitals and doctors clinics that have been set up have aided in the curing of injuries and curing of sickness many of which would run rampant had it not been for British intervention. The factories that have also been built to produce goods employ whole villages giving these natives some place of meaningful employment. By imperializing and therefore securing other parts of the world Britain can retain its status as the great military and economic power of the world.
British imperialism of Africa presents an unneeded strain on the country as a whole. This of course is not to mention how unethical the idea of imperialism is as a whole. It is one thing to colonize thereby seizing unclaimed land, but to conquer someone else’s homeland and claim it as your own is morally wrong. First off the British influence would interrupt the traditional culture and faith of the African people in order for Britain to take hold. Secondly, putting our own army at risk defending land that is not ours puts our military in bad taste. Should they be going off to fight in some foreign land just for the sake of imperialism? It is thought that a country such as Britain is mighty enough as to not fall into the competition arise among the other countries to overtake lands in Africa. Nothing good can come from going to war when the people of that land do not want you there in the first place. To think that imperialism even if not done our country would still be immoral and unfair the native people of the land. The tribes in Africa surely do not appreciate the other countries conquering their land and they will neither appreciate our efforts. It will be like fighting two wars, one against the native people of the land for control over which land is not ours, and also fighting against other countries competing to own land in Africa. We have all become a perfect example of Darwinism’s “survival of the fittest”. Not only that but we have also become racist in our attempt to expand territory. Allowing ourselves to believe that taking over someone else’s home is just only proves how racist this country really is. Writings such as “The Whiteman’s Burden” are the sole reason why imperialism should not be allowed. That piece was all about how it is a burden to have to civilize the people and places we imperialize. Never should we feel we are superior to another race especially if the British are the main power and setting an example for the rest of the world. It would therefore be neither beneficial to us nor moral to imperialize Africa.
In the past hundred years, our great nation of England has undergone rampant growth into the powerful British Empire, the colors of the Queen keeping vigil over every corner of the world. The policy of imperial expansion has wrought great riches, hundreds of pounds of jewels acquired daily from holdings across Africa and India. But although we now we stand unmatched as the largest Empire the world has ever known, the progress and luxury we have experience throughout the 19th century cannot possibly continue. The world is shrinking. No longer are young British governors sailing to claim veritably uninhabited lands to foster an economy between the mother country and its child; the Union Jack now flies over assets staked in the fresh blood of the French and Germans, Italians and Dutch. As it stands now, how could Great Britain possibly maintain her ever growing borders while antagonizing every European power? It does not make logical sense to attempt to impose our will over further existing colonies when we are already distracted by quelling the uprisings within our own. Highly critical to our nation’s international actions and undertakings, Wilfred Blunt has openly objected to our foreign policy. He states “We have now managed in the last six months to quarrel violently with China, Turkey, Belgium, Ashanti, France, Venezuela, America, and Germany. This is a record performance, and if it does not break up the British Empire nothing will” (Blunt). Not only have we been forced to fight against rebel natives of colonies in Africa, the Sepoy troops garrisoned in India, the indigenous nomads of Australia and New Zealand, and the organized anti-imperialist forces of China, but also our greed has thrown us into conflict already against the Germans in eastern Africa, the Boers of the south, and while the British fleet remains second to none on the high seas, no amount of ships could withstand attempting to keep the East closed from the European continent. More importantly, as we near the 20th century, the fate of Africa appears to be bleak and conflicted. Already having been sliced apart by individual foreign powers, Africa, unlike China, now is fully exploited by the imperial powers who stake claim in their own sections of the continent, boundaries that fluctuate constantly that ignore any previous tribal boundaries that throw the native people, already starved of the goods of their land by their new overlords, into further conflict as slave traders from all sides reap Negroes from one colony to be sold in the markets of another. With little land left to claim, the building of mighty economic powers can only lead to tension as the great Empires of our time begin to sign the treaties that could throw any number of Great Britain’s holdings - English soil - into strategic weaknesses that could become our own undoing. While the Boers have been rejected from the Cape of Good Hope, the horn of Africa is crucial in control of the East. The mouth of the Nile, and our control over Egypt also could easily be put in jeopardy. As stated by the Earl of Cromer, “The occupation of Egypt necessarily dragged England to a certain extent within the arena of Continental politics” (Cromer). After prosperous years of ignoring the problems and disputes of Europe, we are now regressing and cornering ourselves, and if we do not solidify our imperial holdings instead of over-exerting our reach, our great empire will surely crumble from the inside, as like the Americans before them, the natives who toil under merciless supervision by our young lords and captains, may one day rise and signal the end of England’s great power over the world, unlikely as it is that such a lesser people could ever realize such a dream.
Andrew Morris AP European History March 9, 2007 Mr. Kirby
Imperialism the Next Great Step
Our kingdom of Britain has always been a leader in new political and technological ideas. Imperialism is the next revolutionary theory Britain has come up with. Imperialism is the policy of extending our nations authority by acquiring new lands and the establishment of political and economic leadership and control over them. This benefits our nation by getting us raw materials that cannot be found in our country, it also lets us help those who aren’t as fortunate as us Englanders, and helps in strengthening our military might. Imperialism benefits our nation greatly by providing a source of raw materials and items that aren’t grown in England. For example many of the spices that we get for such a cheap price come from India. If we didn’t occupy their country then we would have to pay a steep tax. However, now that we oversee their affaires we can lower it to a more reasonable price for all the consumers here in England. Also a lot of cotton comes from our holdings India and the Americas. Thanks to the huge shipments of cotton almost everyone can afford clothing even underwear which used a commodity only the rich could afford. Our overseas holding also supplements things like food. If we have a bad farming year then we could import food to the people that need it the most. Imperialism’s benefits of cheap goods allow many people to have things like tea and clothes that they used to dream about having. Imperialism allows us to help savages that would have been condemned to a life of savagery and godlessness. Without imperialism we would never have been able to introduce our luxurious lifestyle to all the other countries of the world. When we got to India many of the people were half naked, and starved, living in mud shelters. When we came we were able to clothe them and build real houses and organized cities. We taught them how to be civilized and how to read and write. We even allowed some to come to England and be educated. Also thanks to us they have access to all the finished goods we make in England. Not only does this provide them with the excellent British goods but we can make money off of it. Also we have been able to convert many of them to Christianity which will save thousands maybe even hundreds of thousands of souls that would have otherwise been lost. Even though they will never be able to achieve what we have in technology and political thought they have come a long way. Imperialism also helps strengthen Britain’s military might. The more land that Britain controls the less land there is for our enemies to have. This is also good for our navy. The more coastlines we have the more ports we can build to service and protect our ships. Also we can conscript local labor to make even more ships and have local militias disrupt trade for our enemies. We have so many resources our enemies would have a hard time cutting all of our supply lines. If we are to maintain our military dominance over the world then imperialism is our only option.
As people living under the glorious British Empire, we should be ashamed. Through our policies of imperialism, our country has destroyed another. For years they have done nothing but helped to benefit our economy, and provide us with modern conveniences such as the tea we drink every day. They have given us riches which we knew nothing about prior to our trade with them. But as repayment, we have introduced poison to their kingdom. We have made a grave mistake. Without the items which we have obtained from China, we would not be able to live in the way we do today. We would not be able to indulge in tea, wear comfortable silk clothing, or eat on fine china. Not only does our lifestyle benefit because of the items which we have received from China, but our economy does too. By trading the objects which we have gained from China to other countries, we have been able to reap considerable profits. Without China our country would be nothing. Why then, are we giving opium, a drug harshly regulated even here both in Britain and all across Europe, to the Chinese? By giving poisons to the people of China, are we not biting the hand that feeds us? It is foolish for us to do so. The Chinese government has attempted to regulate the trafficking of opium; it has introduced harsh laws calling for the death of any man possessing the drug. We have seen this with our own eyes. We have experienced what it would be like without the goods we receive from China. We were unable to function, and destroyed the drugs which we had been poisoning the Chinese people with. We were given a second chance. But not long after, we began the illegal trafficking of drugs again. We are foolish indeed. If poisoning the people of China was not enough, we punished them for ridding their country of the drugs with which we were ruining their country with. Troops were sent in, slaughtering innocents all along the coast. But we did not stop there. We forced unfair trade agreements upon the country of China, crippling the country even further. All of this was done in the name of profit. We are nothing but savages. It would seem that our country has lost its sense of honor and decency. Where is the sense in biting the very hand which not only fed us, but also provided us with all the riches we possess today? This is the true face of imperialism.
The British Times Herald January 28, 1871 The Great Benefits of Imperialism in India An Editorial by Michelle DeVeaux In recent times, many British citizens have questioned the necessity and value of British imperialism. Since British imperialism has already shown vast benefits, specifically in the nation of India, I will explain these benefits, making the purpose and necessity of British imperialism undoubtedly clear. In order to maintain our powerful international status, it is absolutely necessary for British imperialism to continue and be stronger than ever. Recently, other European nations have shown interest in acquiring colonies in areas such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Acquiring colonies increases a nation’s international prestige, making it even more crucial for the British Empire to use imperialism to our advantage. Britain must stay competitive when it comes to maintaining a presence in other areas of the world. We must not let other nations gain and surpass the amount of international power that we hold. Britain is and always will be the most powerful nation in the world, but only if our imperialistic ways continue in full swing. Since Britain is a nation containing the superior white race, it is our duty and moral responsibility to help civilize the peoples in nations containing primitive non-whites. As the superior race, we are obligated to impose our practices on the inferior non-whites, for example, the people of India. Many of our western ways and technology have already been implemented in India. For example, railroads, mines, banks, and hospitals are all currently present in India. These most definitely have increased the quality of life for the people of India. Imperialism also provides Britain with a great economic benefit. For example, control of India has provided our nation with direct control over the areas where an abundance of raw materials exists. India contains many natural resources which are not in Western nations. For example, India contains many valuable resources such as indigo, silk, coffee, and tea. These resources will prove to be extremely beneficial to the economic state of Britain. The citizens of India are benefiting in many ways other than what has already been mentioned. The British civil servants have been able to abolish the terrible practices of suttee and infanticide. Also, education is being provided for both males and females. India’s own literature has been modified using the thinking of the Western world, and has been placed back into circulation in India. Also, a peaceful and orderly environment has been created in India. The Indian citizens now have liberty of the press and freedom of speech. All of these steps which have been taken by the British government have had a large and beneficial impact on the lives of the people of India. After reading this, there should be no question as to the necessity of British imperialism. By using the nation of India as a prime example, imperialism has positively impacted not only the people of India, but also the British Empire as a whole.
Hayley Samela A.P. Euro Mr. Kirby March 9, 2007 British Imperialism
The imperialistic colonization of Britain in India caused a negative impact on the political, economical, and societal atmosphere of India. In addition, to their suppressive rule in India, Britain itself was deeply affected by their own imperialistic desires. During Britain’s occupation of India the British culture was forced upon the people of India inflicting damage upon the growth and influence of the rich, native culture and religious values. Missionaries were frequently sent to convert the traditionally practicing Hindi to Christianity. This greatly hindered and offended India’s caste social system which previously dominated Indian society. Britain altered relations amongst native tribes in an attempt to gain more control of the Indian peoples. Also during India’s colonization period under Britain, the British government restricted any form of Indian self government, thus causing the severe crippling of India’s political growth in a world of vast super powers. By establishing numerous factories in India, Britain lost many workers who once contributed to the strong work force fueling the economy of Britain. Along with shipping large numbers of workers overseas to India, British officials and inexperienced soldiers were sent to establish order and set up colonies on Indian soil. These workers and loyal citizen of Britain were exposed to harsh weather conditions and the perils of diseases such as small pox. The balance of power between Britain and the other nations of the world was greatly tipped against Britain for their continuous colonial development in India, as well as other British colony locations in China and Africa. Due to the excessive amounts of labor and over production, India’s land was nearly stripped of all wealth and natural resources. This damaged India’s potential as a developing economic power in competition with highly competent trading giants such as the United States of America. In this manner, Britain’s desire of imperialistic power in India proved extremely unhealthy to India’s stance as a developing society.
Why the hell are we in Africa? Does anyone really know? As far as this reporter thinks, there is no legitimate reason why we should be involved in the carving up of the continent. Ever since the Portuguese made landfall in Sub-Saharan Africa, Europeans feared to leave the coast. And for good reason. It has lions and elephants, insects that can kill with one bite, and diseases that our doctors have not named. It’s not called the “Dark Continent” for nothing. We are driven only by greed. Our politicians say that we are just trying to follow the rest of Europe. Would they partake in mass suicides if the other countries were doing them too? Don't get me wrong folks. I like cold-hearted Imperialism as much as the next guy, but we have to do it in a place were we can stand to gain something (i.e. India). However, we are focused on Africa. Let's take a look at the real reason's why your son's are dieing in Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa.
We are not on the continent to liberate an oppressed people or to become a peace keeping force. We're not even there for economics like we are in India and the Far East. England is there because politicians don't want other countries to become too powerful. How can you become strong and industrialized by gaining African territory? The people there live in huts! You cannot sell them anything. I do not believe our factory owners will accept payment in Wampum and Zebra skin. But no, we still have to conquer new territory or else others might get control of it. Our leaders admit it. In one document, the author says that “it was impossible for Great Britain to allow the troops of any other power to occupy Egypt.” Later in the piece, he also states that this occupation will draw Britain into continental problems which we have tried to avoid for centuries. This escalating involvement with continental affairs will lead us to wars that will coast the lives of your sons. Jonathan Wilkinson, from Newcastle, lost a brother at Isandlwana in South Africa. “I don't understand what my brother died for. Tim joined the army to protect the Crown. I don't think that entails fighting Zulu's on the fringes of the empire. I guess it's true what they say: 'The old declare the wars and the youth fight them.” Wilkinson's pain is just one of many sad stories occurring throughout England. Great Britain must stop this war mongering and get out of Africa before it’s too late. Europe is a powder keg, and can be setoff by a spark. IT WILL COST THE LIVES OF YOUR SONS!
When you compare our involvement in India and in Africa, the differences between the two are huge. India has been easier to colonize because it has already been touched by civilization. India has had a long standing culture and system of government, giving us a more hands-off approach. Sub-Saharan Africa, on the other hand, had not been at all. Now we have to take Africa by the hand and lead them out of darkness. That is not our job. Also, India has paid off economically. It’s a place were cotton can be grown and sent to England, and then sent back to India to sell. Africa is a place where half of the land is covered in dense jungle or deserts. And the other have cannot support any raw materials for our industries. In Egypt, we wanted the Suez Canal, just so we could get to India faster. It is insane. There is a vast difference between our golden holdings in India and our useless colonies in Africa.
At this very moment our government holds control over regions that stretch across the world in an empire where “The sun never sets”. One such region that the British Empire has come to value most dearly is that of India. True, it has brought the empire great wealth and enormous power, but at what cost? While ruling over these people who did not have the choice of accepting this rule, we interfere with their rituals, we keep the masses in a terrible condition, and we rule over an entire country that does not want us.
Sati, a tradition of ritual murder where the wife of a man who has died is burned alive at his funeral pyre, has come under harsh criticism by those in Britain. Understandably, this repulses most sane people and is considered inhumane. However, what is certainly wrong in one culture may be acceptable in another no matter how absurd it may seem. The fact that the British government is considered enacting legislation in India that would forbid Sati is simply an insult to Indian culture that will only increase their discontent with British rule.
The system of governance that our government has set up in India is one that clearly favors and appeases a very small minority of the Indian population. His Majesty may believe that controlling the population through the class system that existed already in the region is an effective means of governance, but it also represses over 90% of the Indian population. We force them to bend to our culture when only the top few percent have the luxury of doing so in their country while the others have no chance of real success and so they live in very low conditions.
The empire’s treatment of the Indian people has clearly worked to our disadvantage in relations with the Indian people. This can most recently and clearly be seen through the rebellion of the Sepoys. Forced into servitude in the British military against their own will, it is no wonder that eventually these conscripts would mutiny against us. From accounts of the mutiny like that of Elisa Greathed, the Sepoys clearly rose up against those who repressed them and struck swiftly yet were eventually put down by superior British arms. Now we are even more embedded in the country and have put in place even tighter regulations with the Queen ruling instead of the East India Company. Clearly we are in a situation where the people in the region do not want us.
Britain as a nation and as an imperial power may benefit from the economic and political aspects of controlling regions like India, but that does not justify the consequences of such an imperial stance. In a situation where our government interferes in other people’s affairs, we repress the majority of the people we rule over, and the general population is unhappy with our rule, it is unwise to remain in that situation as only harm can result from it.
In this modern age, we as a country are forced to make important decisions, to better our country and ourselves. Currently, Britain is making choices about African Imperialism. Some citizens have been calling for a halt to our efforts. But, at this point, a stop would be detrimental to our foreign policy. Imperialism gives us new raw materials, and opens up new markets for us to sell our goods in. Some people say that it waists money, but trade with the Africans will yield high profit margins. If we do not continue, other counties will take these economic opportunities. And, besides, it is our responsibility as educated Europeans to help the African savages. And so, the citizens of Britain should back African imperial efforts because it improves our economy, it maintains our position as a world leader, and it helps the beastly natives.
Imperialism stimulates our economy, and creates profit for all the people of Britain. We can get cheap raw materials from our African holdings. We can then ship them to Britain and refine them. We can then sell our goods cheaper, and with a higher profit margin this way. Holding Africa will also open up new markets for us. In a recent book, Capt. Lugard has said, "As long as our policy is one of free trade, we are compelled to seek new markets; for old ones are being closed to us by hostile tariffs, and our great dependencies, which formerly were the consumers of our goods, are now becoming our commercial rivals." Previously, Europe had a strong inter-trade. But now, our neighboring countries will not trade with us. We must find a new place to sell our goods, and that place is Africa.
Some say that this investment in Africa is folly, that we will loose money. But, according to research by Lugard, this is not so. In his recent book, he explains that the initial cost of imperialism will seem petty when the profits come in. Countries such as France, Italy, Belgium, and Germany have already begun to reap the economic rewards. Rest assured. Spending capital on imperialism is no folly.
If we do not seize the moment, then other countries will take Africa, along with our world standing. Other countries are already dividing up Africa, and reaping the benefits. To miss this moment would be foolish. As Lugard has said, "To allow other nations to develop new fields, and to refuse to do so ourselves, is to go backward" If we do not take parts of Africa for ourselves, then others will. In A Place in the Sun, Kaiser Wilhelm II proclaims that Germany will take imperial states, grow economically and gain power. Germany will surpass us in power, if they take states and we do not. Then they will gain economic prosperity, and we will fall behind.
We also have a responsibility as a European nation to help the natives of Africa. They are savage, and need our guidance to become civilized. The Earl of Cromer explains that places such as Egypt and other African states need our guidance to survive. Lugard preaches the fact that the Africans are savage, and need our assistance in medical and technological areas. If we occupy African states, we can bring knowledge and guidance to them. It is our responsibility.
Overall, Britain must continue imperialism. It helps us economically. It is our duty as Europeans. But most importantly. It helps us stay a world power.
Imperialism has been sanctioned in our father’s homeland for centuries upon centuries, with the intention of expanding our borders and glorifying His Majesty’s empire with immeasurable wealth. As the superior beings God has favored so kindly, much prosperity and wealth has been uncovered from the bountiful expeditions around the Ivory and Gold Coasts of Africa. To this, His Majesty’s people may rejoice, but after years upon years of seeking the resources of Africa; ivory and slaves alike, I must question the morality of our exploitation of this continent full of darkness. It is by God’s will that we should be destined to be the superior beings of the races found in this savage country, and with great justification that we should be the ones to expose them to civilized society, but it is with great distress that I have seen none of the aforesaid actions take place. Instead of guiding them and showing them the wonders of our great civilization, these primitive people are exposed to nothing but fear, greed, and selfishness. The slave trade that has thrived in our American daughter country has wrought the worst of human kind. Fathers and sons are being separated, as are mothers and daughters. Families that have been together for generations are torn apart by this cruel game. Not only are they to be sold to masters as people in bondage, but many are also led to their deaths in the long journey ahead. It is with great sadness that not only has our trade led to the shambles of families, but within the continent, their primitive civilizations have also crumbled. There exists countless raids where neighboring tribes attack one another for the purpose of obtaining hostages for their own wealth. During these merciless attacks, women and children are slaughtered in their frenzied path for money. It is because of our imperialistic policy that such a fate has befallen upon Africa and cruelest of actions have taken place, and continue as we speak. It is up to His Majesty and our people that we should make the decisive action and amend our ways in hopes for bettering the world in remembering us British as a civilized society that brought only wealth and prosperity to her people, and those she encounters. The reason is because imperialism has faulted in not considering the value of human life. Although primitive and savage in their ways, the Africans are to be the loyal servants of His Majesty and the children of Her Empire as human beings. Though different, they are humans nonetheless, and share pain and happiness as we do. While we change naught, they watch wives, husbands, daughters, and sons die in a cold world. If not dead, then they are unfortunate enough to live in bondage, which in many ways, is worse than any death. To this, I ask our people to step up and make a change for not only the betterment of us, but for the world in which we should guide.
Charlotte Adinolfi 2-17-08 Period 3 Imperialism Response: Editorial Imperialistic Gains At a time when all countries throughout Europe are faced with competition not only from one another but internationally as well, who can blame England for trying to assert herself above everyone else? The country of England has always put herself in the forefront of international relations and as the rise of imperialism continues, she should ask her people, why not stay there? The scramble of European nations to acquire colonies outside of their own boundaries has become the focus of many governments of recent times. Many countries are not only doing this for their own increase in trade but to be seen as more powerful than surroundings countries. England has become involved in India, Africa, and other regions of Asia. A primary area of success can be seen in the involvement in India. Ever since British rule has entered the Indian nation, there has been considerable improvement in the lives of its people. Many influential Indian men, such as Dadabhai Naoroji, have taken notice and written about the good England has brought to their country. Most of them believe that without England’s help, the country would have never been able to be revitalized. India has gained standing internationally through the improvements brought to it materially, politically, and in the areas of civilization, and humanity as well. As a country starting off without much money, India was able to build railways and improve irrigation with the money England provided. The exports of the country were minimal and India was able to create strong exports with their indigo, tea, coffee, silk, and other such materials after England entered their country. Communication was improved as well after the telegraph was introduced. In the area of politics, peace, order, and stability were essential pieces that England provided for India. It was done by freeing the Indian population of oppression and greed from despotic rulers, harsh effects from war, freedom of speech, and equality between men. Services of highly educated administrators create a brighter generation of Indians striving for higher political knowledge. Through the influence of English culture, education was spread to not only males but females. This brought about the abolition of many long practiced social and moral evils in reference to women. As education grew, India’s own literature was allowed to rise again with the help of Western ideals. Britain knew when entering India, it would be best to let Indian’s continue practicing their religions. After observing the customs of these religions for some time, the English felt morals of these religions needed to be improved. By ridding the Hindu religion of the practice of suttee, which is when a widow burns herself at her husbands grave sometimes by force, widows were allowed to remarry. Other immoral practices of the Hindu religion were stopped and aid was even provided in time of famine. England has provided nothing but improvements to this country and will continue to bring success to India and all other countries it claims rule over.
Mr. Kirby... did we have to post on the blog after all? It wasn't on turnitin...
Anyhow: Suzie Jing 2/16/08 A.P. European History Period 3 Imperialism Editorial
From the Editor: Why Should Imperialism be Immoral? It’s Wholesome, Beneficial Business
The British Empire is the envy of the world, and England is the center of this flourishing, multifaceted civilization. We are at the epoch of our success, a superior nation with superior ideals. In the words of Vladimir Illyich Lenin, the capitalism that has led us to dominate the industrial business of the world has become “capitalist imperialism at a definite and very high stage of its development …when the transition from capitalism to a higher social and economic system had taken shape and revealed themselves all along the line.” In an act of claiming evolution’s gift, our countrymen descend upon, for instance, India, a rich diamond in the rough. We have brought her people political peace, brought their children education, given their economy trade prosperity, not to mention humanitarian aid, religious morals—inasmuch, British governance is as deft, if not more so, than that of any other power, according to the Earl of Cromer.
There has been talk of the immorality of imperialism, but regarding the mutualism between England and her colonies, the favor imperialism bestows on the well being of the British Empire as a whole cannot be denied. Furthermore, imperialism is an investment, akin to the practice that so many of our British citizens joined in since 1800. After putting so much time and money into improving the status quo in India, can the people there ungratefully bar their benefactors from sharing in the raw material wealth that the country has to offer? Is it justice to merely express their thanks in words? Indian nationalist Dadabhai Naoroji states: “I appreciate, and so do my countrymen, what England has done for India, and I know that it is only in British hands that her regeneration can be accomplished.” Appreciation, then, must not be an empty promise. England has and will continue to guard and invest in India, but India must not be naïve and expect further progress without return profit for Britain in the future. May I boldly ask: Where is the immorality in such a deal?
As Great Britain strives to further maintain its relations with its imperialistic holdings, citizens of the empire must always remember that underlying the practicality of all good business, good will and fair play will be practiced. William Bentinck expresses that “the first and primary object is the benefit of the Hindus”. In his work, On Ritual Murder in India, 1829, he writes: that the same enlightened principles [which were practiced by our government at home], may promote here as well as there the general prosperity, and may exalt the character of our nation.”
As Cromer so eloquently put it: “A great nation cannot throw off the responsibilities which its past history and its position in the world have imposed upon it. English history affords examples of the government and people of England drifting into doing what was not only right, but was also most in accordance with British interests.”
Imperialism has been lauded as a responsibility of the great European powers and as a highly profitable activity that is necessary for the future of England. However, there is another side to imperialism, one that reveals the ugly reality of how immoral and hypocritical our activities in China have been. Furthermore, our contact with China may not actually be as beneficial as its supporters say because it has caused damage to British and Chinese society.
First of all, the opium trade is absolutely despicable. How can England, the greatest country in the world, sink to such low standards as to use a highly dangerous poison against the Chinese to gain profit? Commissioner Lin is quite right when he accuses us of harming the Chinese economy and its people, when they have only given us good things; “Since then you do not permit it to injure your own country, you ought not to have the injurious drug transferred to another country, and above all others, how much less to the Inner Land!” Is it not hypocrisy to be educating the Chinese on Christian morals and then obtaining profits through deceitful means? This goes against the good, honest intentions of our missionaries.
In addition, advocates of imperialism argue that imperialism is required for Britain to stay ahead, but it is actually injurious to British society and may lead to our decline. According to John Hobson, Great Britain has neglected its agriculture, education, and scientific advances “in order that it may squander its pecuniary and military resources in forcing bad markets and finding speculative fields of investment in distant corners of the earth, adding millions of square miles and of unassimilable population to the area of the Empire.” If Britain were to continue on this imperialist route, it will fall behind other nations. There, no doubt, will be consequences in the future
Imperialism has not brought any benefits to China either. As Fei Chi Hao’s account attests, the Boxers are brutally slaughtering Chinese and British, and it has become very dangerous there. Britain meant well when it sent missionaries to China, in order to enlighten and educate the Chinese people, but it has only led to rebellion, violence, and instability.
British Imperialism in China must be stopped. The opium trade is a stain on the face of Britain, and our contact with China has led to negative consequences here at home, to our society, and in China, with the detriments to its stability and economy. Enough damage has been done already. It is unsafe for our people to remain in China, and it is in the best interest for both countries if Britain were to pull out of China as soon as possible.
Imperialism started out due to Britain and other countries manufacturing a lot of goods and not having anywhere to send these goods or products. So, Britain decided to reach out to other countries and get their goods sent there. For some countries it was a good thing. But in others, like India, it was a very bad thing.
When Great Britain took over India they did nothing to preserve India’s government. They took over and put in their idea of what a good government is. They did give some Indians roles in the government, but these roles were very minor. The roles that the natives were put in had no say in the major problems in India. Britain also said that they thought of the natives as their own people, but they really treated them badly and there had been a lot of discrimination against the natives. As Edmund Burke wrote “young men govern there, without society, and without sympathy to the natives”.
Britain also used India as way to gain money. The conquest of India was an example of Britain’s greed. Britain used India to sell their products, and take India’s resources and sell it for their own gain. The English government has done nothing to help improve India’s land. They have not built any schools or roads that could make life easier for the natives. All Britain has been doing in India is steeling their resources for English benefit.
Britain overall has treated India like dirt. They have taken over and controlled everything from the government to religion. Britain may have instituted some good policies, but these policies were not seen as great because they were overshadowed by all of the bad things England has done in India. There is a big difference between colonization and imperialism. With the way England has been ruling India it makes this country look very greedy and not like a true world leader. England has lost sight of that and needs to stop the imperialism and find better ways to rule.
The British have become bored and addition to their excess money, they have decided to bombard the smaller countries, areas like Africa, China and India. Instead of making alliances like some of the other European Nations they have chosen to conquer other countries. They have become power hungry and believe that they need to take over other countries to build up their own empire. Although China has less knowledge about upcoming technology it does not need to be corrupted by foreigners drugging their citizens with opium. The British came over and “seduced the Chinese people” and yet they did not think of the consequences. Of course the Chinese citizens were going to try to steal some of the British goods. They have become addicts; you can not stop an addict. China is thousands of miles from Britain, yet they felt that they could relate to their country. Britain had to be behind the reforms that were established in 1898. Reforms that definitely worked for England but could it possibly work for a country so dissimilar? How is it that western arms and military tactics could work in an entirely different country? How would it be if a country that some of the uneducated citizens never heard of take over and thrust their ideals onto their military practices. However not only shove their military practices, but their education and farming techniques too? It does not work and I think that you will see that China will become a country where the citizens are not happy and the government is corrupt. I think and so should others that we should not become that country. The country that everyone hates and soon no one will be willing to do business with us.
While there has been skepticism on how positive British imperialism actually is, the truth is that it is almost necessary. Possibly the most debated role of imperialism is of England in India. While England’s take on human rights can be also seen as “Western” ideals it would be cruel to sit back and let the harsh actions towards humans keep occurring. For example, before England came in, widows were being burned on their husband’s funeral pyre. Being that this ritual was not always voluntary, is it not important for England to stop the inhumane actions taking place on a regular basis? The presence on England has also abolished infanticide and provided aid during times of famine. I don’t know about you, but I think saving so many lives in itself is a good reason for India to be imperialized. India has also become a place of peace and order. England has made it possible for there to be freedom of speech and liberty of press within India. SO much good has come out of her presence there. What would have happened if England had decided to not act as an imperial power in India? Some other country may have gone in place. With the competitive world we live in England would have been seen as weak. Being the world’s imperial power and not have taken this opportunity would have proven to be faulty. Not only would England have been looked at as weak, but it would have missed out on incredible economic opportunities. The British East India Trading Company was able to provide Britain with raw materials at very cheap prices. The factories were opened up and allowed for Indians to be employed, while giving products such as indigo, tea, coffee, and silk to the British market at very cheap prices. Why a person would question England’s imperialization of India is a wonder. Not only did it create a peaceful environment which saved lives and gave more opportunities to the people of India, but it was nothing but positive for England as well. The British were successful in much economic gain, and in becoming a clearer world power. When it is already seen as an imperial power, it would be an amazingly dreadful mistake to decide against this imperial opportunity that is so clearly positive for everyone involved.
Thousands of miles away from the English Isles, across seas, oceans, and vast deserts, horrors are being inflicted upon innocent people. They have done nothing to deserve this brutal treatment other than living on land that our greedy, deceitful corporate executives want. These economic titans will stop at nothing to maximize their company’s profit.
For centuries the African people have suffered under the giant sword of European desire. They have survived the overseas slave trade and the devastation of smallpox and measles. As described by Edward Morel, a British journalist in the Belgian Congo, “the power of modern capitalistic exploitation, assisted by modern engines of destruction, may prove to be the cause of the final demise of the African people.” The Africans are incapable of defending themselves against our superior weapons and technology. They are being brutally oppressed.
This new imperialism is much different than the colonial times of the 17th and 18th centuries. In colonialism, we settled the territories and instituted gradual changes in social structure, government, and economy. In contrast, British moguls are now exploiting the people, land, and resources of our territories only for economic gain. The natives of these lands are treated as if they are a disposable part of their businesses.
There are plenty of examples of the horrors that imperialism is causing to the African people. In 1898, a Sudanese tribe attempted to defend their homeland from British imperialists, who were armed with advanced weaponry, such as the machine gun. The battle that ensued looked more like an execution, according to one observer. He described seeing bodies spread evenly of many acres. In total, there were 28 British deaths compared to 11,000 Sudanese. These natives did nothing wrong; they were only protecting the independence of their homeland. Military advantages are not the only ways the Africans are being devastated. Greedy British economic tycoons also use deceit to get what they want. Lobengula Kumalo, the last king of the Ndebele people, gave his account of an episode during which he was cheated. A party of men came to him requesting a place to dig for gold. Afterwards, the king signed a document that he was told contained his words and the words of the party. About three months later, he heard from other sources that by signing the document, he had given away the right to all the minerals of his country.
These economic moguls will stop at nothing to obtain economic gains. We must oppose British imperialist policies in Africa before it is too late. Even if you do not care about the African people, do you think that, if they could turn a profit from the situation, these tycoons would be concerned with the lives of you and your family?
The British Empire has been a prominent forerunner in imperialism, and as this competition for land gets fiercer Britain has every right to remain at the top. England has grown into a superior nation compared to many others and has created many strong customs and standards that are being spread. It is both the right and duty of us, the British, to reach out to the less fortunate nations with our ideas and institutions.
Although it has been argued that imperialism is unethical and immoral, accusations such as these must be disregarded. Imperialism has helped the country of England and its people since 1800, and absolutely no one can refute the fact that imperialism has allowed the nation to prosper in several various ways. In addition to helping our own magnificent homeland, British imperialism has also allowed many other nations to raise their standards.
One country in which imperialism has clearly improved conditions for the native people is in India. Even some of the most important native Indian men, such as Dadabhai Naoroji, have recognized that without the help of England, their country would not be able to be revived. With the help and support of England, India is able to undergo many changes for the greater good of the Indian people. With the funding from Britain, railroads were built and both communication and irrigation were greatly enhanced. England supplied India with stability and order, and freed the people from oppressive rulers and cruel traditions. The great nation of England even provided for the people’s needs in times of famine. Thankfully for the people of India, Britain has stopped the Hindu practice in which a widow burns herself at her husband’s grave, sometimes involuntarily. England spread education throughout India to both males and females. Women are even starting to be seen as more important beings and the wicked views of them are growing smaller. Other than stopping the cruel traditions of some of the native religions, England has for the most part left Indian religions alone. Once we stepped in to help, India was able to start exporting many raw materials such as tea, coffee, silk, and indigo that greatly improved their economy. It is certainly evident that Britain has allowed the nation of India to grow, and without our help India would be much worse off.
Britain has proved that it can bring success to helpless nations through its work in India. This point determines that it is completely necessary for England to continue on with imperialism. We should allow our great nation to keep flourishing, so that one day we will be able to become a primary world power. So, be faithful to your grand country, and support imperialism!
Imperialism is crucial to England’s success. I cannot think of a more important area of the world then Africa. This unexplored colony beckons to us, not just for colonization, but for economic and military reasons as well. There is a great deal of competition between us and the other European states, and I know that Britain is not one to fall behind. British Imperialism of Africa would make England the most prestigious European nation. We can’t let the French get ahead of us in this race. Remember social Darwinism, only the fit survive, and we must show our mighty power and strength to Europe and the entire world. This strength is vital to our economic interests in Egypt, noticeably the Suez Canal, our pathway to India. Our great country of England overcame French interference and took control of the Suez Canal. Doesn’t that show the power of this great nation? Imperialism increases our country’s strength, by taking over Egypt we became the epitome of a great nation and have world class standing. Just look at the great industrial expansionist Cecil Rhodes, with his brilliant “Cape to Cairo” railroad idea. Just try to imagine the economic strength England would gain. It’s a vision of perfection that can become reality. The strategic Suez Canal linked to the incredibly profitable Cape; England’s world standing would increase ten-fold. What is the importance of Africa? First off letting this vital canal fall into the hands of inept African tribes is an abhorrence. In the words of the Earl of Cromer, “Is it probable that a government…led by men of such poor ability as Arabi and his coadjutators, would have been able to control a complicated machine of this nature?” Ignorant Egyptians would destroy this area of such economic importance. England is the only one that can be in charge of Egypt. British Imperialism must not stop; it’s the only possible solution to this problem. As the Earl of Cromer rightly stated, “A great nation cannot throw off the responsibilities which its past history and its position in the world have imposed upon it.” Therefore our country has a responsibility to itself, and to its economy to keep up and move ahead with Imperialism. As a world power, we have a duty to ourselves. We must seek new economic markets. “To allow other nations to develop new fields, and to refuse to do so ourselves is to go backward; and this is most deplorable,” as stated by Captain Lugard. We cannot let our competition, the other European countries to go ahead economically through Imperialism. We need to rise up and come through strong in order to protect our economic interests, most noticeably in India and the Far East, which can only be protected through Africa, and Egypt. British Imperialism of Africa must continue, or else our standing as a world power will go from one of excellence and superiority to one of immeasurable defeat and inferiority.
While many argue that imperialism is not right, it is almost obvious that imperialism is necessary for England to expand and become one of the strongest world powers in Europe. Competition between nations is rising and securing English power would only benefit not only England, but also everywhere else they decide to expand into. India for example has had a huge benefit from British rule. People such as Dacoits, Thugs, and Pindarees have been removed and people no longer have to worry about robbery or terrorization. Highly educated British administrators also educated men and women from their own literature about social morals and general knowledge. Along with this India improved politically. They were granted freedom of speech and liberty of the press. Also, being that people were more educated they had more political knowledge and aspirations for how to improve their nation. The government improved and greedy rulers were dismissed. People were safer and did not have to worry about war or the security of their life and property. Not only were these things improved but India also improved materially. Loans were granted for India to build railways, which helped speed trade up which in turn helped bring in more profit. From their railways India could export indigo, tea, coffee, silk, and other materials. Dadabhai Naoroji stated that, “I appreciate, and so do my countrymen, what England has done for India, and I know that it is only in British hands that her regeneration can be accomplished.” British improved India in so many ways and like Naoroji said, it was only British that could have done so. India was suffering and it was from the help of the British that they were brought back on their feet. The education the British proved India with was most important because it led to an improved and more knowledgeable government, better ideas on exporting and trade, and ideas to decrease crime and famine.
The vast Empire of Great Britain has done nothing but bring good fortune and wealth to the state of Britain. Not to say that it has not benefited others. Britain has expanded its empire to three main regions: Africa, Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. I will focus on the imperialism of the Indian subcontinent. India is a vast region in southern asia and provides access to the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and of course, the Indian Ocean. The inhumane activities occurring before Britain's arrival are almost too barbaric to comprehend. The women of India would practice a ritual known as sati. During said ritual, widows would burn themselves to death on top their husbands' funeral pyre. Another shocking ritual, is that of neonatal infanticide. In Hindu society, it is preferred that the mother bear a boy, not girl. In many families, if the infant was found to be female, they would proceed in killing it. Along with Britain's arrival, such heinous acts have been outlawed.
From her presence in the subcontinent, the glorious nation of England has benefited as well. India houses resources such as opium, coal, salt mines, iron ore, and gold. Many of these resources are transferred from India to England and have been excellent aids to our economy. Our empire is ever-growing, and truly deserves the title of the nation on which “the sun will never set.” Other countries such as France, Spain, and Portugal are also in the imperialist fray, and if Britain had not acted as it did to take every piece of land it deemed necessary to take, our nation would have been viewed as weak, and would not be as prosperous as it is today. But not only has it been beneficial to England, but the Indian people have gained much as well. In Dadahbhai Naoroji's essay, the Benefits of British Rule, written in 1871, he explains of how British rule has been shined upon both countries. The abolition of sati and infanticide, education for both males and females, which contains an abundance of new information that Britain has been kind enough to share. Textile factories in India have created thousands of new jobs, allowing even the simplest of men to hold an occupation. British military forces have maintained peace and order, and the freedoms of liberty and of press have been granted to the Indian people. Also, loans to build railroads and irrigation ditches have been donated. Also, the Indians people have been granted access to luxuries such as indigo, tea, coffee, and silk because of their relationship with Britain.
Some may question our being in India as a greed for land and resources. All one has to do is look at the facts. Have the Indians themselves not gained immensely from our presence? And all we have asked in return is access to resources the continent is abundant with. Have we not restored order and halted terrible rituals? We have done them a dignified service, and I strongly believe that we should continue to stay there, for the betterment of England and India.
The British Empire is making a significant impact upon various nations around the world. The British have emerged as leading predecessors in imperialism, and are leaving their imprints all across the globe as of today. Such imprints may perhaps be forever embedded within the various customs practiced by the indigenous populations dwelling upon lands under British control. Over the past few decades, The British Empire has developed itself into an advanced power on a global scale. The impact of British Rule has been immense upon the diverse customs of indigenous populations under the empire. Despite the fact that established British imperialism faces much criticism these days, the British are actually playing a key role in enhancing and improving the values of nations under the Empire. Furthermore, the British Empire itself is thriving under British imperialism in many ways as well.
The subcontinent of India is one of the many regions under British control. British imperialism is significantly influencing the indigenous populations of the subcontinent by advancing the many conditions that such natives have lived under for numerous decades if not centuries. The British spread the subcontinent of India with order and established stability throughout the region in many ways. Despite practicing religious toleration within the subcontinent, the British are beginning to intervene with the horrific rituals that many Hindus practice which involve the burning of a widow upon her deceased husband’s grave. This religious custom is known as the sati, which had been practiced by Hindus for centuries. "No innocent blood shall be spilt", said Governor / General William Bentinck. The British government obviously condemned and recently abolished the cruel and horrendous practice. Moreover, the British today are playing a key role in developing a better image of women in the subcontinent by exposing their importance and by providing them with an education. The British Empire provided an education to men as well.
The subcontinent of India is undergoing various changes with the support of the British Empire for the betterment of the Indian people. The British have been actively funding the placement of railways throughout various regions all over the subcontinent which will enhance the means of transportation. The British are also in the process of significantly improving the farming techniques of the Indians by introducing new irrigation systems. The British are further enhancing the Indian economy through the export of raw materials such as indigo and tea.
Thus British imperialism is certainly allowing India to discover its capabilities and how it can further impact trade around the world. If British imperialism wasn’t established in the subcontinent of India, then India would have perhaps remained the way it had for centuries and may even have remained an inferior nation that didn’t have an influence upon the world in any way. However, British imperialism created a prosperous India and further raised India’s standard around the world in various aspects. Therefore, the subcontinent of India is indeed a perfect example of a nation that has raised the flag of British imperialism.
Imperialism: A Duty and an Honor Imperialism is defined as a policy in which one country extends its rule of a nation over other countries to acquire colonies. Recently British people have been questioning the morals and ethics of imperialism. However, when we are ameliorating another society, it does not seem possible that imperialism can be considered unethical. As many of you know, Great Britain has established colonies in India, and we have been improving their lives by providing them with education, eliminating the amount of poverty, boosting the economy, and overall revitalizing India.
Men such as the influential Dadabhai Naoroji, Indian nationalist, have praised Great Britain for all the things they have done for India. Naoroji said, “I appreciate, and so do my countrymen, what England has done for India, and I know that it is only in British hands that her regeneration can be accomplished.” Fellow Britons, I ask you, how is this unethical?
India was a country without much money, but with the financial assistance of Great Britain they were able to start fresh and began building railroads, which made traveling and trade easier. Before all of this, India had never taken advantage of their resources to trade, but the Britons enlightened them on trading and encouraged them to export goods such as: tea, silk, and indigo. With trade and travel, India’s economy expanded, and they began making more money and communicating with the outside world. Technological advancements, such as the telegraph, made communication easier for everyone around the world, and with India’s newly earned profits, they too were now able to indulge in services such as these.
Since Indians were so poor many were uneducated and illiterate, so the Britons took it upon themselves to educate the people of India, men and women alike. While teaching them about their own culture, they also opened up the classical pieces of literature from the west to Indians, and in this way we have spread some of our beliefs to them. The Indians have accepted our civilization with open arms. However, we have not burdened them with western culture, because we believe it is important for them to practice their own cultural beliefs and rituals. While over there, Britons decided not to interfere with the practices of Hinduism or Buddhism. Although, Britain has rid Indians of the Hindu practice of “sati,” which was when women would voluntarily burn themselves on the graves of their husbands after their husbands died, because it was truly unsafe.
Imperialism is the underlying reason of much of the Britain's longstanding success and expansion. Because of their expansion into new regions such as India, China, and Africa, Britain was able to determine a sort of foothold in the regions to benefit the economy. One of our most important gains was the territory in India, which supplied our economy with a wealth of resources and workers. More jobs have been created, and as a result, more production of goods. In addition, Britain's intervention in India gave the people the advancements that were needed to sustain life in a technologically advancing world. Without European powers in India, there would still be tyrants ruling, and the economic benefits would only affect the wealthy. Britain even managed to improve India's social problems, including the "Abolition of suttee and infanticide. Destruction of Dacoits, Thugs, Pindarees, and other such pests of Indian society. Allowing remarriage of Hindu widows, and charitable aid in time of famine. Glorious work all this, of which any nation may well be proud, and such as has not fallen to the lot of any people in the history of mankind" (Naoroji). Though other countries scramble during this race of imperialism, it is clear who is winning. Even though other countries criticize our rapid expansion into Asian and African regions, it is simply because they are angered that they were not quick enough or powerful enough to claim the regions for themselves. "The harshest condemnation that has visited England because of her Indian successes has proceeded from nations who have never been backward in seizing the lands of other nations," claims journalist Charles Creighton Hazewell. Further, accusations of British greed from other European countries, are hardly relevant since India, too, has benefited so well from British involvement. Because of our aggressive nature as one of the most powerful nations, we have many regions, which is beneficial to both our country and others around the world. Our rule in India has been especially prosperous in our intake of new resources limited to the subcontinent. The Indian people have been well-educated to help them run their own internal affairs.
El Hakim once said, "Adversity is like the period of the former and of the latter rain, -- cold, comfortless, unfriendly to man and to animal; yet from that season have their birth the flower and the fruit, the date, the rose, and the pomegranate (British India)." This adversity he is referring to is a multitude of dangers faced by Britain at the end of the eighteenth century, coming both from France as well as Austria. These dangers, however, led to advanced British ideas of Imperialism to help strengthen the country and to reestablish it as a European powerhouse. Among other areas that the British occupied, such as Africa and the Middle East, India helped to truly enforce the idea of Britain's true world power. These territories were ruled under a very unique set of ideals held by the British about Imperialism, and by the end of the nineteenth century these ideals became almost dangerous. The policies held by Britain were by no means progressive. As Charles Hazewell says, "There is nothing like the rule of the English in India to be found in history. It has been compared to the dominion which Rome held over so large a portion of the world; but the comparison has not the merit of aptness (British India)." This aptness he refers to is the population that the Empires controlled, with the Indian subcontinent accumulating to more people than all of the Roman Empire. Controlling such a large population size with a "hands-off" approach that Britain took with its colonies creates some very difficult and peculiar problems. A very common issue is when Britain asserts its power and alienates its people. When Britain tried to reassert itself in India and rule directly, there was a significant amount of civil unrest and made the country's social structure less stable. Not only was this detrimental to the country itself, but it proved that Britain's policy of Imperialism wasn't strong enough to hold onto such a substantial country as India. Even to this day, Britain's hold on India is known both as a success on a high level, in the act of actually acquiring the subcontinent, and a great failure. "The English have frequently been denounced... for their errors in governing India (British India)."
Britain has a long history of imperialism. It’s also been debated for almost as long of a time. While it has some benefits for Brittan, it clearly has negative effects and motives behind it. One of these countries that Brittan has affected poorly is china. The East India Company had been a large factor behind their involvement. However this involvement in china was clearly a result of greed and economic exploitation.
Using its base located in India, the British company had managed to make an increasingly large profit from exporting opium to china. This trade, which had been made illegal by the Qing dynasty by the year 1729, helped reverse the trade deficits that came from the British imports of tea. This import of tea to Britain caused a huge flow of money from Britain to China. However this import of opium alarmed the Qing dynasty at the time because of the reverse in the economy and the new problem of addiction. Solving this problem however was very difficult because of corrupt officials. In 1839 the Chinese authorities at Canton seized a large shipment of opium. The British didn’t take to kindly to this. This event then sparked the first opium war, and then Britain took over the island of Hong Kong and used it as a base. The British then basically forced opium into china. This benefited Britain enormously but had less than positive effects on china. The opium addiction in china caused an economic disaster and weakened a once strong nation.
Opium was not the only negative effect the British had. Its sailors and merchants also had little respect for china and its people. For example, in July of 1839 British sailors started a riot and destroyed a temple near Kowloon. They also killed a man who had tried to stop them. Six sailors were put on trial by the British authority in Canton, but they were then released after they returned to England. It was that kind of injustice that caused harm to china. Because of these things this wasn’t a case of colonization, it was clearly a case of pure imperialism. The British didn’t care for the well being of china like they would have of they were colonizing it. They strictly wanted the economic benefits and didn’t care for the nation itself. Because of this I can’t say that I agree with the 19th century British expansion policy.
The British Empire has long been a nation that seeks wealth and prosperity outside of its borders. Whether it is on the other side of the Atlantic or in Africa or Asia our nation has always had the desire to expand. But this imperialism has become completely one sided causing much pain and suffering to completely innocent and defenseless human beings. It is not denied that the imperialism in Africa has greatly helped our nation, but honestly, at what cost to those poor people? Ever since our arrival centuries ago the African people have faced much torment and distress. They have been treated as inferiors all because of the way they speak, look, and dress. Just because they act differently or their society is less technologically advanced doesn’t give anyone the right to treat them as anything but equals. Not only have they watched as their land was taken away and their villages were overrun, but they have also had to deal with physical attacks at the hands of people with far more advanced weaponry. Imperialism is viewed differently by all the nations of the world. Some countries view it primarily as a means to gain territory/land while other countries are solely involved to increase their economies. However, although the views are different, it is almost always carried out the same way. The people are constantly exploited and more often than not abused mentally and/or physically. And guess which country is at the forefront of this mistreatment and exploitation. The people of our country have no respect for those of Africa and treat them as expendable parts of a large organization. Whatever has to be done to gain a profit and ensure the continued success of the business will be done. The way the Africans are treated is 100% deplorable. There are numerous stories showing the abuses that these defenseless people have faced. In 1898 Sudanese tribesmen tried to stop a British expedition but failed miserably and were gunned down by the newly developed machine gun. One account of the battle states that it was not a battle at all but an “execution…The bodies were not in heaps…but they spread evenly over acres and acres…others were torn to pieces.” The final numbers from the “battle” showed that there were 28 British deaths and around 11,000 Sudanese deaths. Our great explorers and businessmen have also been very deceitful towards African leaders. One case recalls an African King who signed away “the right to all the minerals of my country.” Clearly the way these people are treated is wrong and in no way, shape, or form justifiable. As can be seen, imperialism is a negative idea that needs to be stopped. The people of our nation have taken control of land that is not theirs and have harmed people without real reason. When it comes to imperialism, unite and stand strongly opposed because it does way more harm than good. Think, act, and end imperialism forever.
Imperialism is an absolute necessity to the well being of the British Empire. It is the essential component in securing the power and wealth for the British Empire. Africa is currently free from colonization. By colonizing Africa it would bring great wealth, and power to Britain. Not colonizing Africa would give other European States to expand their wealth and catch up to Great Britain. Social Darwinism dictates only the fittest and the best survive. Therefore it is the British Empire’s to expand and colonize the lesser nations.
Africa is full of natural resources and can greatly increase the wealth of Great Britain. Africa is the home to the illustrious diamond. These pieces of elegance and beauty are one of the many things that Africa has to offer. Diamonds bring enormous economy to the British Empire, which allows Britain to purchase arms, ships, and other items can be used to protect and help Africa in its industrialization. The diamond industry not only does it benefit Great Britain, it also provides jobs to the African people. These people who would be in tribes or barbaric warfare now is employed under the majesty.
Economy is essential for Wars, and Power in the European States. Egypt a country in Africa is a number one priority to the British Empire. Egypt is the home to the Suez Canal which is a railway to the Indian subcontinent. By controlling the Suez Canal the British Empire reaches the zenith of all European countries. This canal is too valuable for the indigenous people. Cromer says, “Is it probable that a government…led by men of such poor ability as Arabi and his coadjutators, would have been able to control a complicated machine of this nature?” The Africans can not handle and does not acknowledge the economic importance of this stature. They do not posses the knowledge or the power to operate such machinery. It is then the British’s power to use it for its benefits and move ahead in imperialism.
I believe Imperialism is crucial to Britain and all other European states. Areas like China, India, and Africa hold enormous abundance in natural resources and great treasures. If the country itself will not use these to its advantage then it is up to Great Britain to use these resources to the fullest extent. “To allow other nations to develop new fields, and to refuse to do so ourselves is to go backward; and this is most deplorable,” as stated by Captain Lugard. We must not let other nations get ahead of Britain by using these countries. The British Empire cannot let countries like France use the resources and get ahead of us. We must colonize and conquer for it is our right stated by the facts of Social Darwinism. For the Motherland we must charge forward with Imperialism. Imperialism will make Great Britain the greatest country in the entire world.
Imperialism is as defined by Webster’s dictionary “the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas.” This may seem to emphasize that the direct or indirect rule of the other country by the dominating power has no benefits to the country it is controlling. This was not the case with Britain and India. Under imperialism, India was able to make great strides in certain areas that would not be possible without the help of Great Britain and the imperial rule set into place. Great Britain was able to establish peace and order to the land and promote freedom of speech and liberty of press. It also was able to fix up transportation systems by building railroads in India too. Although it seemed as if the rule had a huge upside, of course British rule had strained India too. India had a huge debt that was started to rack up from the taxation of Britain. In addition, the government powers were held directly by the British. Britain never followed through with its plans to give native people fair representation in higher administrative offices. Thus, showing that the country would not be able to stand by itself. One thing is for certain that in order for Great Britain to flourish it was necessary for it to spread its boarders and use imperialism to maintain and fuel its vast empire. Although the British rule had some positive changes socially in India, economically it was draining the life from India. The native people referred to British rule as “Sakar ki Churi” which means the knife of sugar. Now although Britain was not completely oppressive in its rule, it still had a drain on the country. Not only that, but these people were not having any say in the government office. I could careless if anyone thinks that the benefits were worth not being able to be represented in government. It allows for too much power to be used by Britain and not enough for those who were on this land before. Is it not true that the great country of the United States of America itself broke free from the imperialistic rule of Great Britain too? We quickly forget that our country was once under a similar regime that India had to endure. For one to think that imperialism is not another form of oppression does not understand the importance of having a voice in governing matters.
Imperialism, the pride and jewel of European expansionists, has been received quite well in the general population of England, and who can blame the gentlemen and ladies of this blessed nation. Only a fool would detest a something such as Imperialism, which brings to Britain wealth, power, fame, luxuries, and land. Although Imperialism may seem to be a perfect process in which we, Britons, can only benefit from its presence and effects, there is, however, another side of Imperialism that has been shadowed and hidden by mass propaganda; shown especially in British-Chinese contact, which warns us to contain this “imperialism” madness before it gets out of hand.
The Chinese has always been reluctant towards trade with Europe, and other foreign countries. Herself a great civilization, China was both technologically advanced and far better off economically than some of the nations in Europe. There weren’t much for European nations to trade to China, but there sure were a lot of goods that China could have traded to Europe. We, the British, whom were exasperated by our incompetence and inability to muster adequate trade with the Chinese, sank so low as to expose the Chinese public with opium. A highly addictive drug, Opium swept through China like a monsoon. The population of China has been ruined and devastated by this drug; restrictions will not stop the multiple cases of black marketing of opium.
Such way of trading does indeed provide Britain with a constant flow of money into its treasury; the aim of Imperialism, but have we the Briton sunk so low as to poison other human been in order to achieve our economic interests? Is causing massive medical complications and millions in drug overdose and possible death worth the trade contracts and money that is obtained? Suddenly the complications imperialism seems to outweigh the benefits.
As described by Eva March, “Its people are at one time like vultures, and they are like wild beasts, with dispositions more fierce and furious than the tiger or wolf, and natures more greedy than anacondas or swine.” These actions by our empire, not only gives our nation a bad image, it also hurts us politically. Who would want to ally with us or even trade with us when news of our uncompromising and cruel trade agreements with China begins to gather publicly? Not to mention that we have just made one of the most ancient nation in the world a hater of our country and a probable future enemy of war.
This Imperialism fever must be contained for the future glory and stability of Britain. Bad reputation and abuse of “imperialized” nations can bring the downfall to the Kingdom of England. Too much of anything is bad, especially the possibility of over dependence on this flow of illegal and unstable trade from these countries. Nothing prevents this trade from falling apart, or starting war, and that would be detrimental to the advancement of England.
Post-Industrialization European states had one main goal on their minds: to make their country wealthier, more powerful and more successful than their peers. The most reliable path to success was imperialism and expansion. The more land a nation presided over, the more money they brought into their treasuries and the more influence they had in European affairs. During the nineteenth century England decided to flex its imperialist muscles and launched a three- way attack on Africa, China and a large portion of India. The British, confident in the success their national institutions and practices could bring to India arrived on the sub-continent with the obvious intent to turn it into a “Little England”. They were completely appalled by the Indian practiced of sati, which was the burning of widows on their husband’s graves. In addition to abolishing inhumane practices such as this they also sought to expand and improve the Indian economy and restore “peace and order” to the region. For the most part the English entered India with the best of intentions. However, these were the best of intentions for their country, not for India. Their main goal was economic expansion. The British East India Company was extremely interested in the wealth of recourses such as tea, rice, indigo, silk and cotton that could be found in the region. These raw materials would be essential to the growth of the factory system in England which would leave to extreme economic gain and more political influence abroad. As the English the economic gains in opening factories in India and producing goods there as well the British factory owners in India reached out to the Indian population to work in their factories. This would bring employment and income to many areas that were previously impoverished. They also brought irrigation systems, railways and education to a region that was lacking in it. The British Imperial Rule in India had both positive and negative effects on the subcontinent. The primary negative aspects were the ignorance of the needs and desires of the Indian population. There was “an utter disregard of the feelings and views of the natives” which caused several clashes between British rulers and the Indian rulers they appointed (However, much more good was done than harm, which makes British Imperialism in this region unarguably feasible. Works Cited: My Happy Brain
Post-Industrialization European states had one main goal on their minds: to make their country wealthier, more powerful and more successful than their peers. The most reliable path to success was imperialism and expansion. The more land a nation presided over, the more money they brought into their treasuries and the more influence they had in European affairs. During the nineteenth century England decided to flex its imperialist muscles and launched a three- way attack on Africa, China and a large portion of India. The British, confident in the success their national institutions and practices could bring to India arrived on the sub-continent with the obvious intent to turn it into a “Little England”. They were completely appalled by the Indian practiced of sati, which was the burning of widows on their husband’s graves. In addition to abolishing inhumane practices such as this they also sought to expand and improve the Indian economy and restore “peace and order” to the region. For the most part the English entered India with the best of intentions. However, these were the best of intentions for their country, not for India. Their main goal was economic expansion. The British East India Company was extremely interested in the wealth of recourses such as tea, rice, indigo, silk and cotton that could be found in the region. These raw materials would be essential to the growth of the factory system in England which would leave to extreme economic gain and more political influence abroad. As the English the economic gains in opening factories in India and producing goods there as well the British factory owners in India reached out to the Indian population to work in their factories. This would bring employment and income to many areas that were previously impoverished. They also brought irrigation systems, railways and education to a region that was lacking in it. The British Imperial Rule in India had both positive and negative effects on the subcontinent. The primary negative aspects were the ignorance of the needs and desires of the Indian population. There was “an utter disregard of the feelings and views of the natives” which caused several clashes between British rulers and the Indian rulers they appointed (However, much more good was done than harm, which makes British Imperialism in this region unarguably feasible. Works Cited: My Happy Brain
In an age of growing industrialization and increased economic competition, the amplified need to maintain dominance over other countries has lead to an emergence of broader imperialistic holdings in the eastern hemisphere by Great Britain. To do this England has increased its efforts to colonize new areas of land in Africa, India and Asia. Especially affected by these acts of imperialism were the native peoples of Africa, who witnessed an influx of British ideals and economic principles into their everyday lives. While there are some people who think that the British motives are justified and were made in the best interest of the country, one could also see that the moves were extremely cruel and degrading to the indigenous way of life. By imposing their economic dominance over the people of Africa, the British have exploited the natural resources of these lands and created a situation in which the Africans are being brutally oppressed. The natives of the land are incapable of defending themselves from the superior weapons and technology of the British and thus are unjustly being forced to give up their land. It is clearly evident we have long overstayed our welcome and our tactics have been recognized as an invasion of a society’s well-being and a disrespect of an economic partnership. It is not right that the people of these African countries should be treated as a speed bump on the road to British world dominance. They have every right to fight for the natural resources that their land holds, and the blood, sweat and tears they put into the work should not be honored with disrespect from foreign countries. Written in 1899, Rudyard Kipling’s, The White Man’s Burden reflected the thoughts of foreign imperialistic nations and the effect on the indigenous people.
“Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.
By no means are the British industrial executives justified in taking advantage of all the benefits that result from the hard work of the local people. It is clearly apparent that they will stop at nothing to obtain financial success, regardless of who they take down with them. Many countries in Africa have succeeded without our guidance. Why should choose to impose upon them now? We as a nation must put ourselves in the shoes of those affected by these atrocities and ask ourselves if we truly wish to promote the behavior which is degrading the lives of millions of people.
The wondrous benefits of Imperialism outweigh the negative effects to a major extent. Britain has helped countries to grow and expand in immense ways, including Britain’s strong influence in India. Although there is debate of whether Britain’s role in India was in fact beneficial to the natives or not, it is clear that Britain did in fact help more than hinder India’s growth and development. Britain helped India in many ways overall, but more specifically it helped politically, involving civilization and humanity, as well as with material development. Politically, England has allowed for freedoms and liberties to be allowed to the people. It gave the poor Indian people equality between men, and allowed them to be freed from oppressive leaders. The British helped to reform the Indian government to allow for the betterment of all of the country’s individuals. Can you say that someone who is working for freedom, peace and order is causing harm to others? No, all that can be said is that they are doing the best they can with the resources they have in order to protect and serve those whose country they are colonizing. A country without a good education system, one that burns widows and kills unfit newborns should not be left alone without interference. If Britain, as a country who could do something about this, left innocent people to be killed by an out of control government and population, we would be just as responsible as those lighting the fires under those widows being killed. Through our Imperialism and colonization of these people, we allowed for the remarriage of those widows who before would have been victims of suttee, and we have begun to educate those of lesser nations. Both men and women of India are being educated, and this is leading to the end of moral and social evils brought about by a severely flawed system. Though Britain seemed to have affected the Indian subcontinent in many ways, they for the most part are positive. They stopped injustices such as infanticide and allowed the governmental and educational systems to grow enormously. The British have an intense expansion and imperialism policy, and although this policy seems intense, it can only help the people of those countries in which they are colonizing, and that is the only thing it did, it helped and continues to help these weaker nations, that do in fact need our help.
It is commonly said that in the peak of European imperialism that “the sun never sets on the British empire.” While this is true the sun did set for many of the people oppressed in the controlled areas of India. The was no moral justification for the empire that Great Britain established. Any buzzwords or reasons they used were erroneous. I think Sir Thomas best described the true nature of Imperialism when he said, “everywhere do I perceive a certain conspiracy of rich men seeking their own advantage under the name and pretext of the commonwealth”(Hobson 1). Why would a nation allow such a corrupt act to happen then, the answer seems that the “business interests of the nation as a whole are subordinated to those of certain sectional....gain”(Hobson 1)Imperialism was just another word to mask the age old greed that resides in the heart of all men. Those trying to defend Imperialism will always fall back on the claim that it is very good for business when backed into a corner. Unfortunately this cannot be disputed because there is a growth in business, but only for certain classes and certain trades within the nation. These gains come at a high price though; the vast expenditures, the costly wars , the risk of embarrassment in regards to foreign policy and the stoppage of political and social reforms with Great Britain.
This is a fairly broad overview on the problems of imperialism as a whole. Now we will delve more specifically into the negative effects that it had on India. This was a special case because the greatest crime that Great Britain committed against India was not to enslave or kill it's people, but simply to run their government so much that it made them incapable of being autonomous. As the great Mohandas Gandhi once said " You English committed one supreme crime against my people. For a hundred years you have done everything for us. You have given us no responsibility for our own government."(imperialism 1) No local Indians were put in important positions in the newly formed government therefore they had no knowledge on how to run it. And as can be expected the British intrusion also led to breaking apart of prior Indian formed business and trades. This breakup is apparent in the ensuing unemployment.
In conclusion imperialism is a terrible thing for countless reasons. It strips nations of their autonomy and prior practices and forces them to assimilate to a foreign power against their will. There is no justification for this and to practice it only shows how greedy a nation truly is.
Work Cited:
"Imperialism in India." 123HelpMe.com. 27 Feb 2008
http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=22842>. John A. Hobson (1858-1940): The Economic Parasites of Imperialism [At Marxists.org]
With specific regards to the Indian subcontinent, the British policy of imperialism has been successful thus far and should be continued. There are a few major tenets by which imperialism in this area reflects Britain’s best interests: economic prosperity, international prestige, and the British duty to better the lives of the natives. First and foremost, British control of India has reaped vast economic benefits. Britain now has a monopolizing hold on such lucrative Indian markets as tea, indigo, silk, and coffee. Of course British presence in the area began with the exploits of the British East India Company. Sir Robert Clive soon recognized the wealth to be had, and sparked a glorious campaign to put India under British sovereign control. Such a colony gives the best and adventurous businessmen of Britain the opportunity to find their success overseas. An extension of the capitalist business model, India serves as a venue to multiply the wealth of Great Britain. Parliament will also gain taxation rights over a nation of 300 million people. Secondly, the world shall recognize the might of the British Empire with continued conquest of colonies such India. Where the French and Portuguese colonies have failed and withered away, the British now hold complete dominion. The world today witnesses a jostling among the European powers to exhibit their might and nationalistic fervor by gaining as much land as possible around the world. Respect for Britain among other powers will certainly soon be measured by her imperialistic holdings—and in this game of world domination, India is indeed the crown jewel of an empire. The existence of such a large holding on the other side of the world is a lasting testament and reminder to the rest of the world of Britain’s naval superiority. Finally, in accordance with popular thinking of today, Britain holds a responsibility to improve the lives of less civilized peoples of the world. The British attitude towards the Indian people has revealed some shortcomings, but in the larger scope of things, British presence has modernized India and made its people better off. Naoroji notes that in humanitarian aspects, the British have shown nothing but progress. Abolition of the widow-burning practice of sati and infanticide, and a crackdown on the notorious Thuggee gangsters are examples of positive British impact. Much in the way of infrastructure, such as telegraph lines, irrigation works, and railroads, has been developed. Peace and order reigns over a land previously divided among warring kingdoms. There are objections however, to the manner in which the native people are rarely put in authoritative positions among the administrative bodies. It is supposed that Indians should have a say in running their own affairs. The Indians call British rule sakar ki chuuri—a knife that is sugarcoated, but nevertheless a knife. With a little more consideration to the wants of the natives, imperialism will be a benefit to all parties involved, and especially for the might of the British Empire.
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Imperialism in India
During the nineteenth century, Britain had embarked on several journeys through out the world including Africa, China, and foremost India. Great Britain had established small governments and rule over these areas and had begun a program to use these areas for her own economic gains. The British brought their great heritage, western thoughts, and technology to India improving the society formally established by local leaders scattered about the large nation. British rule in India has settled many social issues among the Indian people such as sati, economically benefits both India and Britain, and finally brings “peace and order” (Naoroji) to the Indian people.
In an unindustrialized society such as India, many traditional and somewhat depressing religious acts take place. One of these is sati, or ritual widow burnings upon the death of her husband. After recognition of these murders and the mixed lawful reactions in effect of them, Governor-General William Bentinck of the East India Company addressed the issue. He put forth a confused mixed opinion on the subject, but finally resolves by stating, “The first and primary object of my heart is the benefit of the Hindus. I know nothing so important to the improvement of their future condition as the establishment of a purer morality, whatever their belief, and a more just conception of the will of God” (Bentinck). He wants to abolish sati for the betterment of the Hindu people and thus the betterment of the Indian society. Finally, Dadabhai Naoroji stated, concerning the disadvantages of British rule on Indian humanity, “Nothing.”
The original focus of British occupation in India was economic expansion. The British East India Company, through various trading posts, provided many products to Britain including indigo, coffee, tea, silk, cotton, and salt. These raw materials were provided to the factories cheaply thus furthering economic expansion in Britain. Eventually, some of the British factory owners opened factories in India, employing Indian while making goods such as textiles even cheaper to consumers in Europe. India also benefited from economic expansion. India is almost completely linked by railroads that reach to the farthest points of India. This extensive railroad system is accredited to the British. The British have also contributed to the advancement of agriculture by incorporating irrigation into the farms. This not only benefits Great Britain by providing more and better farm products, but also helps the Indian people by providing a better food supply, decreasing famine and starvation.
The British not only established trading posts in India, but also a government based in the democratic ideology of Great Britain. Before the time of British rule as in any unindustrialized nation, periodic civil war or continental tribal wars take place. As stated by Naoroji, the British have provided the protection to the Indian people from the “devastation by war.” The British provided benefits such as freedom of the press and speech, protection of property, and justice between all people.
British imperial rule in India has had a positive influence on both Great Britain and India. The economic gains for Great Britain are unimaginable; not only does India provide Britain with inexpensive raw materials, India will eventually become an inexpensive source of labor for British factories. Indian society has benefited from the extensive rail system, agriculture improvements bettering the food supply, and peace and order. “To sum up the whole, the British rule has been: morally, a great blessing….” (Naoroji).
Works Cited
Bentinck, William. "On Ritual Murder in India, 1829." Modern History Sourcebook. 1997. Fordham University . 7 Mar 2007 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1829bentinck.html.
Naoroji, Dadabhai. "The Benefits of British Rule, 1871." Modern History Sourcebook. 1998. Fordham University . 7 Mar 2007 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1871britishrule.html.
Falling Behind
A new stage of anxiety has bestowed the European Nation; the coming of war is inevitable, because of a upset in the balance of European powers. Germany, once a group of individual states, is now a unified nation under King William, and is one of the most powerful nations in Europe. Nations, that were once enemies, like France and our great country of Britain, are now allied nations in fear of war. However, the European states are now racing for power, by seeking investment in non-European states. A new age of imperialism has begun, and as the people find the themselves with capital to spend, they find investment in non-European affairs. As John Hobson explains “They needed Imperialism because they desired to use the public resources of their country to find profitable employment for their capital which otherwise would be superfluous.…”. Thus based on this new age of anxiety, and other factors, it is advised that Britain remains in this race of imperialism, if not for the economic prosperity, but for the coming of war, and to defend our great nation we need to keep being one of Europe’s greatest powers.
Nationalism is a powerful force, it brings people together who share a common culture, and it can even unify states against all odds. Take for example the unification of Italy, who retook their northern land from Austria-Hungry. Why go to war to get these lands, the nationalistic need to have a powerful and unified Italy, is what brought the Italians together. Imperialism is also a effect of nationalism, in order for the nation to be powerful, the nation needs to have a empire. Look at the Roman Empire, once a weak nation, it developed a army and expanded its territories to become the most powerful nation at the time. Thus, I believe it is best for Britain, as a nation, to become involved in imperialism. However, there are those, like Edmund Burke, who are disgusted at the fact that it is not the aristocrats who benefit from imperialism. Edmund burke argues that imperialism is a bad approach, but he does not realize that the days of aristocrats, are coming to an end. It is time for the new middle class to seek wealth from imperialism, to better the nation.
Some will argue against the European nations taking advantage over the weak non-European nations. However, it is our duty to take over weak nations to better our own, because it is natural law. We are coming to a day and age where there is need to survive, “survival of the fittest”, as Herbert Spencer put it. As Rudyard Kipling says, it is also the “white mans burden” to go to these non-European countries and bring civilization. It would be unmoral to let these countries go on with their uncivilized ways. Thus as a European nation, that needs to become more powerful to survive, and has the right to become more powerful, should use a new imperialistic approach to non-European affairs.
To The Editor –
It has come to my attention that recently there has been a conflict in views over the ideas of imperialism in this day and age. Some have found that imperialism is no more than an assertion of power over less fortunate countries as a result of Britain’s greed and economic determination. While I have no doubt that economic advantages are a major factor in the imperialism of foreign nations, I strongly disagree in the thought that all of this work has been done out of greed. I present the following questions to those who may challenge my thinking: If we do not bring our grace and knowledge into these less developed nations, will not someone else? And do we not risk our status and power in this highly competitive world if we fail to take action? Would this not be an insult to those before us who have fought and died to make Britain the most respected and powerful country of this world?
To answer these, we must look at the benefits our nation has brought to these impoverished countries. Specifically in India our presence has not gone unnoticed or unappreciated. The gifts of knowledge and order are rare to this land, which has lived in struggle and turmoil for most of its life. Our quest into India has been most successful in ridding the people of the most hideous practices, and instead imposing upon them the ideas of instruction and grace. Many people in Britain may not know of the practice of sati, but I have heard of it and I can tell you it is the most horrid in nature. In this native belief the widows of men were in many cases forced to throw themselves upon the flame of their husband’s funeral pyre. Now, this policy has come under question and if it were not for the British decisions to imperialize India, the poor, helpless women of this land may still be facing the most painful of deaths.
If the salvation of humanity is not enough to convince that imperialism is the correct path, consider also that the status of our British empire would fall under attack had we not chosen to follow this calling. The Second Industrial Revolution ushered in a new were and with it the creation of more developed nations. The prosperity of Germany and Denmark has increased rapidly due to technological advances of each country. In turn, Britain has seen itself struggle to stay ahead as advancements in technology have not come without their challenges. If we were not to follow the call of imperialism we would risk our placement as the head of this world, and this would allow for other nations to reduce us to a mere European country. In addition, Europeans nations are not the only ones thriving, our former colonial hold, the United States of America, is too flourishing and asserting itself as a powerful leader. Had Britain not followed the path of imperialism we would risk losing our hold on this world, not only to Europe, but to America as well. This disgrace must surely never occur.
Overall our fine nation has over many years, and not without many deaths, secured itself as the leader in domination of this world. We cannot risk losing this delicate position as the competition around us grows. We cannot sit back and abstain as other countries rise to our level of supremacy. We, as a country, must continue to work together and prosper, and not just for our benefit, but for the benefit of those countries touched by our grace. It is our duty to follow the calling of imperialism to assure ourselves of our preeminence and to allow those less fortunate then us to begin a life of knowledge and peace.
Britain’s policy of imperialism in China is doing a disservice to this Britain and the Chinese. It is bad for the Chinese people because it has addicted them to a dangerous and expensive drug, opium. As for the British people, it is causing us to lose our morality with the sale of the drug opium and it also puts our lives and property at risk because of dangerous Chinese uprisings.
No one can say that the British entering China was possibly good for the Chinese people. We have brought opium into China and it is having very negative effects on the Chinese people. Not only is it a dangerous drugs with terrible health effects, it also has become addicting to the Chinese people and is causing them to waste all of their money and impoverish themselves. They have traded many of the valuable and essential goods that they produce in exchange for this expensive and useless drug. While the sale of this drug is extremely profitable to us British, it is destroying the fabric of Chinese society. In addition, the sale of this drug has angered many in China. As illustrated in Commissioner Lin’s letter to Queen Victoria, among these angry people is the emperor of China. If the emperor decides to act, it is possible that we could lose all trade with China for a long time. So, if we pull back now, we can salvage our relationship with China.
It has also become quite evident that we are angering the Chinese with our interference, especially in matters of religion. The Boxer Rebellion aimed at whites and Christians was a great example of this. Many in China resent our presence and would be willing to resort to violence to force us to leave. If we don’t pull out soon, more innocent British lives may be lost to these rebels. Another rebellion by these Chinese could also result in the loss and destruction of large amounts of British property. At this point, trading with the Chinese has become more trouble than it is worth.
Lastly, it is important to us as British people that we keep a good moral conscience and not be viewed as evil or immoral. With this in mind, no Brit can consent to the sale of opium to uneducated foreigners. Many don’t know about the dangerous evils of the drug because they haven’t encountered it in China. I feel that it would add credibility to all our future endeavors if we attempted to keep our image as a clean and Christian nation. If we are seen as malicious and untrustworthy, who will want to do trade with us in the future?
I advocate the complete withdrawal of Britain from China. Right now the country of China is a ticking time bomb, and it is only so long before it explodes with violence. Withdrawing from China may cost us immediately from a financial standpoint but is worth it for long term security.
Mark Morris
A.P. European History
8 March 2007
Mr. Kirby
An Essay on Imperialism
Many people in our grand nation of Britain have come to question our imperialistic nature. This way of thinking is preposterous, for the ruling of other territories can do nothing but benefit our great nation. By controlling other parts of the world Britain is to be made stronger both militarily and economically, and by doing we shall improve the lives of the natives in the lands we control.
For one thing the ruling of other nations is a great show of military power. It shows our adversaries who they are truly competing against. Imperializing other nations also prevents our enemies from utilizing the resources found within their boarders. If this were to happen their war machines might possibly out strip those of our most powerful nation, an act not one true British citizen would like to see. This act would put our great nation at a severe military disadvantage for we are an island nation and depend on what can be brought to us across the channel. If we control continental properties Britain can become very self sufficient, therefore not needing to depend on others for aid. To our enemies from rising to power Britain must gain control of colonies now and prevent these threats before they become a reality. Our colonies could be used as buffer zones against attack, or supply points in case of attack. With our colonial holdings our military could easily re-supply and protect or attack any holding we have on the globe.
Not only does the controlling of these countries show military might but it can be used for economic reasons and creating sources of income not only for the country but for the individual as well. Let us take a look at India for example. Here is a country that has been brought under control by the East India Company. In this vast nation many useful resources have been found and many others are being grown. Indigo, hardwoods, rice, sugar, and many other useful plants can be grown in this bountiful nation. Also factories in this country are churning out garments out and being sold in European markets as well in India for a much cheaper price greatly benefiting the British buyer. Also with India and other countries under our control are open to never before existing markets for British goods, therefore creating an even more prosperous economy for Britain.
Not only are the British bringing new goods over to these countries they are improving them as well. Many people call into question whether the British are destroying the countries they are colonizing. This is not true. Again with India the East India Company has laid down thousands of miles of railroad tracks, and roads for transportation. This allows for a faster flow of goods services and ideas. Also schools and hospitals have been built to help educate the local populations. It is clearly expressed in the works of Thomas Babington Macaulay that the languages spoken in India are “poor” or “rude” and somewhat primitive. It would do well for the people to be educated in English. The hospitals and doctors clinics that have been set up have aided in the curing of injuries and curing of sickness many of which would run rampant had it not been for British intervention. The factories that have also been built to produce goods employ whole villages giving these natives some place of meaningful employment.
By imperializing and therefore securing other parts of the world Britain can retain its status as the great military and economic power of the world.
British imperialism of Africa presents an unneeded strain on the country as a whole. This of course is not to mention how unethical the idea of imperialism is as a whole. It is one thing to colonize thereby seizing unclaimed land, but to conquer someone else’s homeland and claim it as your own is morally wrong. First off the British influence would interrupt the traditional culture and faith of the African people in order for Britain to take hold. Secondly, putting our own army at risk defending land that is not ours puts our military in bad taste. Should they be going off to fight in some foreign land just for the sake of imperialism? It is thought that a country such as Britain is mighty enough as to not fall into the competition arise among the other countries to overtake lands in Africa. Nothing good can come from going to war when the people of that land do not want you there in the first place. To think that imperialism even if not done our country would still be immoral and unfair the native people of the land. The tribes in Africa surely do not appreciate the other countries conquering their land and they will neither appreciate our efforts. It will be like fighting two wars, one against the native people of the land for control over which land is not ours, and also fighting against other countries competing to own land in Africa. We have all become a perfect example of Darwinism’s “survival of the fittest”. Not only that but we have also become racist in our attempt to expand territory. Allowing ourselves to believe that taking over someone else’s home is just only proves how racist this country really is. Writings such as “The Whiteman’s Burden” are the sole reason why imperialism should not be allowed. That piece was all about how it is a burden to have to civilize the people and places we imperialize. Never should we feel we are superior to another race especially if the British are the main power and setting an example for the rest of the world. It would therefore be neither beneficial to us nor moral to imperialize Africa.
In the past hundred years, our great nation of England has undergone rampant growth into the powerful British Empire, the colors of the Queen keeping vigil over every corner of the world. The policy of imperial expansion has wrought great riches, hundreds of pounds of jewels acquired daily from holdings across Africa and India. But although we now we stand unmatched as the largest Empire the world has ever known, the progress and luxury we have experience throughout the 19th century cannot possibly continue. The world is shrinking. No longer are young British governors sailing to claim veritably uninhabited lands to foster an economy between the mother country and its child; the Union Jack now flies over assets staked in the fresh blood of the French and Germans, Italians and Dutch. As it stands now, how could Great Britain possibly maintain her ever growing borders while antagonizing every European power? It does not make logical sense to attempt to impose our will over further existing colonies when we are already distracted by quelling the uprisings within our own. Highly critical to our nation’s international actions and undertakings, Wilfred Blunt has openly objected to our foreign policy. He states “We have now managed in the last six months to quarrel violently with China, Turkey, Belgium, Ashanti, France, Venezuela, America, and Germany. This is a record performance, and if it does not break up the British Empire nothing will” (Blunt). Not only have we been forced to fight against rebel natives of colonies in Africa, the Sepoy troops garrisoned in India, the indigenous nomads of Australia and New Zealand, and the organized anti-imperialist forces of China, but also our greed has thrown us into conflict already against the Germans in eastern Africa, the Boers of the south, and while the British fleet remains second to none on the high seas, no amount of ships could withstand attempting to keep the East closed from the European continent.
More importantly, as we near the 20th century, the fate of Africa appears to be bleak and conflicted. Already having been sliced apart by individual foreign powers, Africa, unlike China, now is fully exploited by the imperial powers who stake claim in their own sections of the continent, boundaries that fluctuate constantly that ignore any previous tribal boundaries that throw the native people, already starved of the goods of their land by their new overlords, into further conflict as slave traders from all sides reap Negroes from one colony to be sold in the markets of another. With little land left to claim, the building of mighty economic powers can only lead to tension as the great Empires of our time begin to sign the treaties that could throw any number of Great Britain’s holdings - English soil - into strategic weaknesses that could become our own undoing. While the Boers have been rejected from the Cape of Good Hope, the horn of Africa is crucial in control of the East. The mouth of the Nile, and our control over Egypt also could easily be put in jeopardy. As stated by the Earl of Cromer, “The occupation of Egypt necessarily dragged England to a certain extent within the arena of Continental politics” (Cromer). After prosperous years of ignoring the problems and disputes of Europe, we are now regressing and cornering ourselves, and if we do not solidify our imperial holdings instead of over-exerting our reach, our great empire will surely crumble from the inside, as like the Americans before them, the natives who toil under merciless supervision by our young lords and captains, may one day rise and signal the end of England’s great power over the world, unlikely as it is that such a lesser people could ever realize such a dream.
Andrew Morris
AP European History
March 9, 2007
Mr. Kirby
Imperialism the Next Great Step
Our kingdom of Britain has always been a leader in new political and technological ideas. Imperialism is the next revolutionary theory Britain has come up with. Imperialism is the policy of extending our nations authority by acquiring new lands and the establishment of political and economic leadership and control over them. This benefits our nation by getting us raw materials that cannot be found in our country, it also lets us help those who aren’t as fortunate as us Englanders, and helps in strengthening our military might.
Imperialism benefits our nation greatly by providing a source of raw materials and items that aren’t grown in England. For example many of the spices that we get for such a cheap price come from India. If we didn’t occupy their country then we would have to pay a steep tax. However, now that we oversee their affaires we can lower it to a more reasonable price for all the consumers here in England. Also a lot of cotton comes from our holdings India and the Americas. Thanks to the huge shipments of cotton almost everyone can afford clothing even underwear which used a commodity only the rich could afford. Our overseas holding also supplements things like food. If we have a bad farming year then we could import food to the people that need it the most. Imperialism’s benefits of cheap goods allow many people to have things like tea and clothes that they used to dream about having.
Imperialism allows us to help savages that would have been condemned to a life of savagery and godlessness. Without imperialism we would never have been able to introduce our luxurious lifestyle to all the other countries of the world. When we got to India many of the people were half naked, and starved, living in mud shelters. When we came we were able to clothe them and build real houses and organized cities. We taught them how to be civilized and how to read and write. We even allowed some to come to England and be educated. Also thanks to us they have access to all the finished goods we make in England. Not only does this provide them with the excellent British goods but we can make money off of it. Also we have been able to convert many of them to Christianity which will save thousands maybe even hundreds of thousands of souls that would have otherwise been lost. Even though they will never be able to achieve what we have in technology and political thought they have come a long way.
Imperialism also helps strengthen Britain’s military might. The more land that Britain controls the less land there is for our enemies to have. This is also good for our navy. The more coastlines we have the more ports we can build to service and protect our ships. Also we can conscript local labor to make even more ships and have local militias disrupt trade for our enemies. We have so many resources our enemies would have a hard time cutting all of our supply lines. If we are to maintain our military dominance over the world then imperialism is our only option.
As people living under the glorious British Empire, we should be ashamed. Through our policies of imperialism, our country has destroyed another. For years they have done nothing but helped to benefit our economy, and provide us with modern conveniences such as the tea we drink every day. They have given us riches which we knew nothing about prior to our trade with them. But as repayment, we have introduced poison to their kingdom. We have made a grave mistake.
Without the items which we have obtained from China, we would not be able to live in the way we do today. We would not be able to indulge in tea, wear comfortable silk clothing, or eat on fine china. Not only does our lifestyle benefit because of the items which we have received from China, but our economy does too. By trading the objects which we have gained from China to other countries, we have been able to reap considerable profits. Without China our country would be nothing. Why then, are we giving opium, a drug harshly regulated even here both in Britain and all across Europe, to the Chinese? By giving poisons to the people of China, are we not biting the hand that feeds us? It is foolish for us to do so. The Chinese government has attempted to regulate the trafficking of opium; it has introduced harsh laws calling for the death of any man possessing the drug. We have seen this with our own eyes. We have experienced what it would be like without the goods we receive from China. We were unable to function, and destroyed the drugs which we had been poisoning the Chinese people with. We were given a second chance. But not long after, we began the illegal trafficking of drugs again. We are foolish indeed. If poisoning the people of China was not enough, we punished them for ridding their country of the drugs with which we were ruining their country with. Troops were sent in, slaughtering innocents all along the coast. But we did not stop there. We forced unfair trade agreements upon the country of China, crippling the country even further.
All of this was done in the name of profit. We are nothing but savages. It would seem that our country has lost its sense of honor and decency. Where is the sense in biting the very hand which not only fed us, but also provided us with all the riches we possess today? This is the true face of imperialism.
The British Times Herald January 28, 1871
The Great Benefits of Imperialism in India
An Editorial by Michelle DeVeaux
In recent times, many British citizens have questioned the necessity and value of British imperialism. Since British imperialism has already shown vast benefits, specifically in the nation of India, I will explain these benefits, making the purpose and necessity of British imperialism undoubtedly clear.
In order to maintain our powerful international status, it is absolutely necessary for British imperialism to continue and be stronger than ever. Recently, other European nations have shown interest in acquiring colonies in areas such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Acquiring colonies increases a nation’s international prestige, making it even more crucial for the British Empire to use imperialism to our advantage. Britain must stay competitive when it comes to maintaining a presence in other areas of the world. We must not let other nations gain and surpass the amount of international power that we hold. Britain is and always will be the most powerful nation in the world, but only if our imperialistic ways continue in full swing.
Since Britain is a nation containing the superior white race, it is our duty and moral responsibility to help civilize the peoples in nations containing primitive non-whites. As the superior race, we are obligated to impose our practices on the inferior non-whites, for example, the people of India. Many of our western ways and technology have already been implemented in India. For example, railroads, mines, banks, and hospitals are all currently present in India. These most definitely have increased the quality of life for the people of India.
Imperialism also provides Britain with a great economic benefit. For example, control of India has provided our nation with direct control over the areas where an abundance of raw materials exists. India contains many natural resources which are not in Western nations. For example, India contains many valuable resources such as indigo, silk, coffee, and tea. These resources will prove to be extremely beneficial to the economic state of Britain.
The citizens of India are benefiting in many ways other than what has already been mentioned. The British civil servants have been able to abolish the terrible practices of suttee and infanticide. Also, education is being provided for both males and females. India’s own literature has been modified using the thinking of the Western world, and has been placed back into circulation in India. Also, a peaceful and orderly environment has been created in India. The Indian citizens now have liberty of the press and freedom of speech. All of these steps which have been taken by the British government have had a large and beneficial impact on the lives of the people of India.
After reading this, there should be no question as to the necessity of British imperialism. By using the nation of India as a prime example, imperialism has positively impacted not only the people of India, but also the British Empire as a whole.
Hayley Samela
A.P. Euro
Mr. Kirby
March 9, 2007
British Imperialism
The imperialistic colonization of Britain in India caused a negative impact on the political, economical, and societal atmosphere of India. In addition, to their suppressive rule in India, Britain itself was deeply affected by their own imperialistic desires.
During Britain’s occupation of India the British culture was forced upon the people of India inflicting damage upon the growth and influence of the rich, native culture and religious values. Missionaries were frequently sent to convert the traditionally practicing Hindi to Christianity. This greatly hindered and offended India’s caste social system which previously dominated Indian society. Britain altered relations amongst native tribes in an attempt to gain more control of the Indian peoples. Also during India’s colonization period under Britain, the British government restricted any form of Indian self government, thus causing the severe crippling of India’s political growth in a world of vast super powers.
By establishing numerous factories in India, Britain lost many workers who once contributed to the strong work force fueling the economy of Britain. Along with shipping large numbers of workers overseas to India, British officials and inexperienced soldiers were sent to establish order and set up colonies on Indian soil. These workers and loyal citizen of Britain were exposed to harsh weather conditions and the perils of diseases such as small pox.
The balance of power between Britain and the other nations of the world was greatly tipped against Britain for their continuous colonial development in India, as well as other British colony locations in China and Africa. Due to the excessive amounts of labor and over production, India’s land was nearly stripped of all wealth and natural resources. This damaged India’s potential as a developing economic power in competition with highly competent trading giants such as the United States of America. In this manner, Britain’s desire of imperialistic power in India proved extremely unhealthy to India’s stance as a developing society.
Why the hell are we in Africa? Does anyone really know? As far as this reporter thinks, there is no legitimate reason why we should be involved in the carving up of the continent. Ever since the Portuguese made landfall in Sub-Saharan Africa, Europeans feared to leave the coast. And for good reason. It has lions and elephants, insects that can kill with one bite, and diseases that our doctors have not named. It’s not called the “Dark Continent” for nothing. We are driven only by greed. Our politicians say that we are just trying to follow the rest of Europe. Would they partake in mass suicides if the other countries were doing them too? Don't get me wrong folks. I like cold-hearted Imperialism as much as the next guy, but we have to do it in a place were we can stand to gain something (i.e. India). However, we are focused on Africa. Let's take a look at the real reason's why your son's are dieing in Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa.
We are not on the continent to liberate an oppressed people or to become a peace keeping force. We're not even there for economics like we are in India and the Far East. England is there because politicians don't want other countries to become too powerful. How can you become strong and industrialized by gaining African territory? The people there live in huts! You cannot sell them anything. I do not believe our factory owners will accept payment in Wampum and Zebra skin. But no, we still have to conquer new territory or else others might get control of it. Our leaders admit it. In one document, the author says that “it was impossible for Great Britain to allow the troops of any other power to occupy Egypt.” Later in the piece, he also states that this occupation will draw Britain into continental problems which we have tried to avoid for centuries. This escalating involvement with continental affairs will lead us to wars that will coast the lives of your sons. Jonathan Wilkinson, from Newcastle, lost a brother at Isandlwana in South Africa. “I don't understand what my brother died for. Tim joined the army to protect the Crown. I don't think that entails fighting Zulu's on the fringes of the empire. I guess it's true what they say: 'The old declare the wars and the youth fight them.” Wilkinson's pain is just one of many sad stories occurring throughout England. Great Britain must stop this war mongering and get out of Africa before it’s too late. Europe is a powder keg, and can be setoff by a spark. IT WILL COST THE LIVES OF YOUR SONS!
When you compare our involvement in India and in Africa, the differences between the two are huge. India has been easier to colonize because it has already been touched by civilization. India has had a long standing culture and system of government, giving us a more hands-off approach. Sub-Saharan Africa, on the other hand, had not been at all. Now we have to take Africa by the hand and lead them out of darkness. That is not our job. Also, India has paid off economically. It’s a place were cotton can be grown and sent to England, and then sent back to India to sell. Africa is a place where half of the land is covered in dense jungle or deserts. And the other have cannot support any raw materials for our industries. In Egypt, we wanted the Suez Canal, just so we could get to India faster. It is insane. There is a vast difference between our golden holdings in India and our useless colonies in Africa.
We must get out of this dreadful place
Imperialism in India
At this very moment our government holds control over regions that stretch across the world in an empire where “The sun never sets”. One such region that the British Empire has come to value most dearly is that of India. True, it has brought the empire great wealth and enormous power, but at what cost? While ruling over these people who did not have the choice of accepting this rule, we interfere with their rituals, we keep the masses in a terrible condition, and we rule over an entire country that does not want us.
Sati, a tradition of ritual murder where the wife of a man who has died is burned alive at his funeral pyre, has come under harsh criticism by those in Britain. Understandably, this repulses most sane people and is considered inhumane. However, what is certainly wrong in one culture may be acceptable in another no matter how absurd it may seem. The fact that the British government is considered enacting legislation in India that would forbid Sati is simply an insult to Indian culture that will only increase their discontent with British rule.
The system of governance that our government has set up in India is one that clearly favors and appeases a very small minority of the Indian population. His Majesty may believe that controlling the population through the class system that existed already in the region is an effective means of governance, but it also represses over 90% of the Indian population. We force them to bend to our culture when only the top few percent have the luxury of doing so in their country while the others have no chance of real success and so they live in very low conditions.
The empire’s treatment of the Indian people has clearly worked to our disadvantage in relations with the Indian people. This can most recently and clearly be seen through the rebellion of the Sepoys. Forced into servitude in the British military against their own will, it is no wonder that eventually these conscripts would mutiny against us. From accounts of the mutiny like that of Elisa Greathed, the Sepoys clearly rose up against those who repressed them and struck swiftly yet were eventually put down by superior British arms. Now we are even more embedded in the country and have put in place even tighter regulations with the Queen ruling instead of the East India Company. Clearly we are in a situation where the people in the region do not want us.
Britain as a nation and as an imperial power may benefit from the economic and political aspects of controlling regions like India, but that does not justify the consequences of such an imperial stance. In a situation where our government interferes in other people’s affairs, we repress the majority of the people we rule over, and the general population is unhappy with our rule, it is unwise to remain in that situation as only harm can result from it.
In this modern age, we as a country are forced to make important decisions, to better our country and ourselves. Currently, Britain is making choices about African Imperialism. Some citizens have been calling for a halt to our efforts. But, at this point, a stop would be detrimental to our foreign policy. Imperialism gives us new raw materials, and opens up new markets for us to sell our goods in. Some people say that it waists money, but trade with the Africans will yield high profit margins. If we do not continue, other counties will take these economic opportunities. And, besides, it is our responsibility as educated Europeans to help the African savages. And so, the citizens of Britain should back African imperial efforts because it improves our economy, it maintains our position as a world leader, and it helps the beastly natives.
Imperialism stimulates our economy, and creates profit for all the people of Britain. We can get cheap raw materials from our African holdings. We can then ship them to Britain and refine them. We can then sell our goods cheaper, and with a higher profit margin this way. Holding Africa will also open up new markets for us. In a recent book, Capt. Lugard has said, "As long as our policy is one of free trade, we are compelled to seek new markets; for old ones are being closed to us by hostile tariffs, and our great dependencies, which formerly were the consumers of our goods, are now becoming our commercial rivals." Previously, Europe had a strong inter-trade. But now, our neighboring countries will not trade with us. We must find a new place to sell our goods, and that place is Africa.
Some say that this investment in Africa is folly, that we will loose money. But, according to research by Lugard, this is not so. In his recent book, he explains that the initial cost of imperialism will seem petty when the profits come in. Countries such as France, Italy, Belgium, and Germany have already begun to reap the economic rewards. Rest assured. Spending capital on imperialism is no folly.
If we do not seize the moment, then other countries will take Africa, along with our world standing. Other countries are already dividing up Africa, and reaping the benefits. To miss this moment would be foolish. As Lugard has said, "To allow other nations to develop new fields, and to refuse to do so ourselves, is to go backward" If we do not take parts of Africa for ourselves, then others will. In A Place in the Sun, Kaiser Wilhelm II proclaims that Germany will take imperial states, grow economically and gain power. Germany will surpass us in power, if they take states and we do not. Then they will gain economic prosperity, and we will fall behind.
We also have a responsibility as a European nation to help the natives of Africa. They are savage, and need our guidance to become civilized. The Earl of Cromer explains that places such as Egypt and other African states need our guidance to survive. Lugard preaches the fact that the Africans are savage, and need our assistance in medical and technological areas. If we occupy African states, we can bring knowledge and guidance to them. It is our responsibility.
Overall, Britain must continue imperialism. It helps us economically. It is our duty as Europeans. But most importantly. It helps us stay a world power.
Imperialism has been sanctioned in our father’s homeland for centuries upon centuries, with the intention of expanding our borders and glorifying His Majesty’s empire with immeasurable wealth. As the superior beings God has favored so kindly, much prosperity and wealth has been uncovered from the bountiful expeditions around the Ivory and Gold Coasts of Africa. To this, His Majesty’s people may rejoice, but after years upon years of seeking the resources of Africa; ivory and slaves alike, I must question the morality of our exploitation of this continent full of darkness.
It is by God’s will that we should be destined to be the superior beings of the races found in this savage country, and with great justification that we should be the ones to expose them to civilized society, but it is with great distress that I have seen none of the aforesaid actions take place. Instead of guiding them and showing them the wonders of our great civilization, these primitive people are exposed to nothing but fear, greed, and selfishness. The slave trade that has thrived in our American daughter country has wrought the worst of human kind.
Fathers and sons are being separated, as are mothers and daughters. Families that have been together for generations are torn apart by this cruel game. Not only are they to be sold to masters as people in bondage, but many are also led to their deaths in the long journey ahead. It is with great sadness that not only has our trade led to the shambles of families, but within the continent, their primitive civilizations have also crumbled. There exists countless raids where neighboring tribes attack one another for the purpose of obtaining hostages for their own wealth. During these merciless attacks, women and children are slaughtered in their frenzied path for money.
It is because of our imperialistic policy that such a fate has befallen upon Africa and cruelest of actions have taken place, and continue as we speak. It is up to His Majesty and our people that we should make the decisive action and amend our ways in hopes for bettering the world in remembering us British as a civilized society that brought only wealth and prosperity to her people, and those she encounters. The reason is because imperialism has faulted in not considering the value of human life.
Although primitive and savage in their ways, the Africans are to be the loyal servants of His Majesty and the children of Her Empire as human beings. Though different, they are humans nonetheless, and share pain and happiness as we do. While we change naught, they watch wives, husbands, daughters, and sons die in a cold world. If not dead, then they are unfortunate enough to live in bondage, which in many ways, is worse than any death. To this, I ask our people to step up and make a change for not only the betterment of us, but for the world in which we should guide.
Charlotte Adinolfi
2-17-08
Period 3
Imperialism Response: Editorial
Imperialistic Gains
At a time when all countries throughout Europe are faced with competition not only from one another but internationally as well, who can blame England for trying to assert herself above everyone else? The country of England has always put herself in the forefront of international relations and as the rise of imperialism continues, she should ask her people, why not stay there?
The scramble of European nations to acquire colonies outside of their own boundaries has become the focus of many governments of recent times. Many countries are not only doing this for their own increase in trade but to be seen as more powerful than surroundings countries. England has become involved in India, Africa, and other regions of Asia. A primary area of success can be seen in the involvement in India. Ever since British rule has entered the Indian nation, there has been considerable improvement in the lives of its people.
Many influential Indian men, such as Dadabhai Naoroji, have taken notice and written about the good England has brought to their country. Most of them believe that without England’s help, the country would have never been able to be revitalized. India has gained standing internationally through the improvements brought to it materially, politically, and in the areas of civilization, and humanity as well.
As a country starting off without much money, India was able to build railways and improve irrigation with the money England provided. The exports of the country were minimal and India was able to create strong exports with their indigo, tea, coffee, silk, and other such materials after England entered their country. Communication was improved as well after the telegraph was introduced. In the area of politics, peace, order, and stability were essential pieces that England provided for India. It was done by freeing the Indian population of oppression and greed from despotic rulers, harsh effects from war, freedom of speech, and equality between men. Services of highly educated administrators create a brighter generation of Indians striving for higher political knowledge.
Through the influence of English culture, education was spread to not only males but females. This brought about the abolition of many long practiced social and moral evils in reference to women. As education grew, India’s own literature was allowed to rise again with the help of Western ideals. Britain knew when entering India, it would be best to let Indian’s continue practicing their religions. After observing the customs of these religions for some time, the English felt morals of these religions needed to be improved. By ridding the Hindu religion of the practice of suttee, which is when a widow burns herself at her husbands grave sometimes by force, widows were allowed to remarry. Other immoral practices of the Hindu religion were stopped and aid was even provided in time of famine.
England has provided nothing but improvements to this country and will continue to bring success to India and all other countries it claims rule over.
Mr. Kirby... did we have to post on the blog after all? It wasn't on turnitin...
Anyhow:
Suzie Jing
2/16/08
A.P. European History
Period 3
Imperialism Editorial
From the Editor: Why Should Imperialism be Immoral? It’s Wholesome, Beneficial Business
The British Empire is the envy of the world, and England is the center of this flourishing, multifaceted civilization. We are at the epoch of our success, a superior nation with superior ideals. In the words of Vladimir Illyich Lenin, the capitalism that has led us to dominate the industrial business of the world has become “capitalist imperialism at a definite and very high stage of its development …when the transition from capitalism to a higher social and economic system had taken shape and revealed themselves all along the line.” In an act of claiming evolution’s gift, our countrymen descend upon, for instance, India, a rich diamond in the rough. We have brought her people political peace, brought their children education, given their economy trade prosperity, not to mention humanitarian aid, religious morals—inasmuch, British governance is as deft, if not more so, than that of any other power, according to the Earl of Cromer.
There has been talk of the immorality of imperialism, but regarding the mutualism between England and her colonies, the favor imperialism bestows on the well being of the British Empire as a whole cannot be denied. Furthermore, imperialism is an investment, akin to the practice that so many of our British citizens joined in since 1800. After putting so much time and money into improving the status quo in India, can the people there ungratefully bar their benefactors from sharing in the raw material wealth that the country has to offer? Is it justice to merely express their thanks in words? Indian nationalist Dadabhai Naoroji states: “I appreciate, and so do my countrymen, what England has done for India, and I know that it is only in British hands that her regeneration can be accomplished.” Appreciation, then, must not be an empty promise. England has and will continue to guard and invest in India, but India must not be naïve and expect further progress without return profit for Britain in the future. May I boldly ask: Where is the immorality in such a deal?
As Great Britain strives to further maintain its relations with its imperialistic holdings, citizens of the empire must always remember that underlying the practicality of all good business, good will and fair play will be practiced. William Bentinck expresses that “the first and primary object is the benefit of the Hindus”. In his work, On Ritual Murder in India, 1829, he writes: that the same enlightened principles [which were practiced by our government at home], may promote here as well as there the general prosperity, and may exalt the character of our nation.”
As Cromer so eloquently put it: “A great nation cannot throw off the responsibilities which its past history and its position in the world have imposed upon it. English history affords examples of the government and people of England drifting into doing what was not only right, but was also most in accordance with British interests.”
Imperialism has been lauded as a responsibility of the great European powers and as a highly profitable activity that is necessary for the future of England. However, there is another side to imperialism, one that reveals the ugly reality of how immoral and hypocritical our activities in China have been. Furthermore, our contact with China may not actually be as beneficial as its supporters say because it has caused damage to British and Chinese society.
First of all, the opium trade is absolutely despicable. How can England, the greatest country in the world, sink to such low standards as to use a highly dangerous poison against the Chinese to gain profit? Commissioner Lin is quite right when he accuses us of harming the Chinese economy and its people, when they have only given us good things; “Since then you do not permit it to injure your own country, you ought not to have the injurious drug transferred to another country, and above all others, how much less to the Inner Land!” Is it not hypocrisy to be educating the Chinese on Christian morals and then obtaining profits through deceitful means? This goes against the good, honest intentions of our missionaries.
In addition, advocates of imperialism argue that imperialism is required for Britain to stay ahead, but it is actually injurious to British society and may lead to our decline. According to John Hobson, Great Britain has neglected its agriculture, education, and scientific advances “in order that it may squander its pecuniary and military resources in forcing bad markets and finding speculative fields of investment in distant corners of the earth, adding millions of square miles and of unassimilable population to the area of the Empire.” If Britain were to continue on this imperialist route, it will fall behind other nations. There, no doubt, will be consequences in the future
Imperialism has not brought any benefits to China either. As Fei Chi Hao’s account attests, the Boxers are brutally slaughtering Chinese and British, and it has become very dangerous there. Britain meant well when it sent missionaries to China, in order to enlighten and educate the Chinese people, but it has only led to rebellion, violence, and instability.
British Imperialism in China must be stopped. The opium trade is a stain on the face of Britain, and our contact with China has led to negative consequences here at home, to our society, and in China, with the detriments to its stability and economy. Enough damage has been done already. It is unsafe for our people to remain in China, and it is in the best interest for both countries if Britain were to pull out of China as soon as possible.
Imperialism started out due to Britain and other countries manufacturing a lot of goods and not having anywhere to send these goods or products. So, Britain decided to reach out to other countries and get their goods sent there. For some countries it was a good thing. But in others, like India, it was a very bad thing.
When Great Britain took over India they did nothing to preserve India’s government. They took over and put in their idea of what a good government is. They did give some Indians roles in the government, but these roles were very minor. The roles that the natives were put in had no say in the major problems in India. Britain also said that they thought of the natives as their own people, but they really treated them badly and there had been a lot of discrimination against the natives. As Edmund Burke wrote “young men govern there, without society, and without sympathy to the natives”.
Britain also used India as way to gain money. The conquest of India was an example of Britain’s greed. Britain used India to sell their products, and take India’s resources and sell it for their own gain. The English government has done nothing to help improve India’s land. They have not built any schools or roads that could make life easier for the natives. All Britain has been doing in India is steeling their resources for English benefit.
Britain overall has treated India like dirt. They have taken over and controlled everything from the government to religion. Britain may have instituted some good policies, but these policies were not seen as great because they were overshadowed by all of the bad things England has done in India. There is a big difference between colonization and imperialism. With the way England has been ruling India it makes this country look very greedy and not like a true world leader. England has lost sight of that and needs to stop the imperialism and find better ways to rule.
To the Editor of the British Times Herald:
The British have become bored and addition to their excess money, they have decided to bombard the smaller countries, areas like Africa, China and India. Instead of making alliances like some of the other European Nations they have chosen to conquer other countries. They have become power hungry and believe that they need to take over other countries to build up their own empire.
Although China has less knowledge about upcoming technology it does not need to be corrupted by foreigners drugging their citizens with opium. The British came over and “seduced the Chinese people” and yet they did not think of the consequences. Of course the Chinese citizens were going to try to steal some of the British goods. They have become addicts; you can not stop an addict.
China is thousands of miles from Britain, yet they felt that they could relate to their country. Britain had to be behind the reforms that were established in 1898. Reforms that definitely worked for England but could it possibly work for a country so dissimilar? How is it that western arms and military tactics could work in an entirely different country? How would it be if a country that some of the uneducated citizens never heard of take over and thrust their ideals onto their military practices. However not only shove their military practices, but their education and farming techniques too? It does not work and I think that you will see that China will become a country where the citizens are not happy and the government is corrupt.
I think and so should others that we should not become that country. The country that everyone hates and soon no one will be willing to do business with us.
While there has been skepticism on how positive British imperialism actually is, the truth is that it is almost necessary. Possibly the most debated role of imperialism is of England in India.
While England’s take on human rights can be also seen as “Western” ideals it would be cruel to sit back and let the harsh actions towards humans keep occurring. For example, before England came in, widows were being burned on their husband’s funeral pyre. Being that this ritual was not always voluntary, is it not important for England to stop the inhumane actions taking place on a regular basis? The presence on England has also abolished infanticide and provided aid during times of famine. I don’t know about you, but I think saving so many lives in itself is a good reason for India to be imperialized.
India has also become a place of peace and order. England has made it possible for there to be freedom of speech and liberty of press within India. SO much good has come out of her presence there. What would have happened if England had decided to not act as an imperial power in India? Some other country may have gone in place. With the competitive world we live in England would have been seen as weak. Being the world’s imperial power and not have taken this opportunity would have proven to be faulty.
Not only would England have been looked at as weak, but it would have missed out on incredible economic opportunities. The British East India Trading Company was able to provide Britain with raw materials at very cheap prices. The factories were opened up and allowed for Indians to be employed, while giving products such as indigo, tea, coffee, and silk to the British market at very cheap prices.
Why a person would question England’s imperialization of India is a wonder. Not only did it create a peaceful environment which saved lives and gave more opportunities to the people of India, but it was nothing but positive for England as well. The British were successful in much economic gain, and in becoming a clearer world power. When it is already seen as an imperial power, it would be an amazingly dreadful mistake to decide against this imperial opportunity that is so clearly positive for everyone involved.
Editorial: The Horrors of Imperialism
Thousands of miles away from the English Isles, across seas, oceans, and vast deserts, horrors are being inflicted upon innocent people. They have done nothing to deserve this brutal treatment other than living on land that our greedy, deceitful corporate executives want. These economic titans will stop at nothing to maximize their company’s profit.
For centuries the African people have suffered under the giant sword of European desire. They have survived the overseas slave trade and the devastation of smallpox and measles. As described by Edward Morel, a British journalist in the Belgian Congo, “the power of modern capitalistic exploitation, assisted by modern engines of destruction, may prove to be the cause of the final demise of the African people.” The Africans are incapable of defending themselves against our superior weapons and technology. They are being brutally oppressed.
This new imperialism is much different than the colonial times of the 17th and 18th centuries. In colonialism, we settled the territories and instituted gradual changes in social structure, government, and economy. In contrast, British moguls are now exploiting the people, land, and resources of our territories only for economic gain. The natives of these lands are treated as if they are a disposable part of their businesses.
There are plenty of examples of the horrors that imperialism is causing to the African people. In 1898, a Sudanese tribe attempted to defend their homeland from British imperialists, who were armed with advanced weaponry, such as the machine gun. The battle that ensued looked more like an execution, according to one observer. He described seeing bodies spread evenly of many acres. In total, there were 28 British deaths compared to 11,000 Sudanese. These natives did nothing wrong; they were only protecting the independence of their homeland. Military advantages are not the only ways the Africans are being devastated. Greedy British economic tycoons also use deceit to get what they want. Lobengula Kumalo, the last king of the Ndebele people, gave his account of an episode during which he was cheated. A party of men came to him requesting a place to dig for gold. Afterwards, the king signed a document that he was told contained his words and the words of the party. About three months later, he heard from other sources that by signing the document, he had given away the right to all the minerals of his country.
These economic moguls will stop at nothing to obtain economic gains. We must oppose British imperialist policies in Africa before it is too late. Even if you do not care about the African people, do you think that, if they could turn a profit from the situation, these tycoons would be concerned with the lives of you and your family?
The British Empire has been a prominent forerunner in imperialism, and as this competition for land gets fiercer Britain has every right to remain at the top. England has grown into a superior nation compared to many others and has created many strong customs and standards that are being spread. It is both the right and duty of us, the British, to reach out to the less fortunate nations with our ideas and institutions.
Although it has been argued that imperialism is unethical and immoral, accusations such as these must be disregarded. Imperialism has helped the country of England and its people since 1800, and absolutely no one can refute the fact that imperialism has allowed the nation to prosper in several various ways. In addition to helping our own magnificent homeland, British imperialism has also allowed many other nations to raise their standards.
One country in which imperialism has clearly improved conditions for the native people is in India. Even some of the most important native Indian men, such as Dadabhai Naoroji, have recognized that without the help of England, their country would not be able to be revived. With the help and support of England, India is able to undergo many changes for the greater good of the Indian people.
With the funding from Britain, railroads were built and both communication and irrigation were greatly enhanced. England supplied India with stability and order, and freed the people from oppressive rulers and cruel traditions. The great nation of England even provided for the people’s needs in times of famine. Thankfully for the people of India, Britain has stopped the Hindu practice in which a widow burns herself at her husband’s grave, sometimes involuntarily. England spread education throughout India to both males and females. Women are even starting to be seen as more important beings and the wicked views of them are growing smaller. Other than stopping the cruel traditions of some of the native religions, England has for the most part left Indian religions alone. Once we stepped in to help, India was able to start exporting many raw materials such as tea, coffee, silk, and indigo that greatly improved their economy. It is certainly evident that Britain has allowed the nation of India to grow, and without our help India would be much worse off.
Britain has proved that it can bring success to helpless nations through its work in India. This point determines that it is completely necessary for England to continue on with imperialism. We should allow our great nation to keep flourishing, so that one day we will be able to become a primary world power. So, be faithful to your grand country, and support imperialism!
Imperialism is crucial to England’s success. I cannot think of a more important area of the world then Africa. This unexplored colony beckons to us, not just for colonization, but for economic and military reasons as well. There is a great deal of competition between us and the other European states, and I know that Britain is not one to fall behind. British Imperialism of Africa would make England the most prestigious European nation. We can’t let the French get ahead of us in this race. Remember social Darwinism, only the fit survive, and we must show our mighty power and strength to Europe and the entire world.
This strength is vital to our economic interests in Egypt, noticeably the Suez Canal, our pathway to India. Our great country of England overcame French interference and took control of the Suez Canal. Doesn’t that show the power of this great nation? Imperialism increases our country’s strength, by taking over Egypt we became the epitome of a great nation and have world class standing. Just look at the great industrial expansionist Cecil Rhodes, with his brilliant “Cape to Cairo” railroad idea. Just try to imagine the economic strength England would gain. It’s a vision of perfection that can become reality. The strategic Suez Canal linked to the incredibly profitable Cape; England’s world standing would increase ten-fold. What is the importance of Africa? First off letting this vital canal fall into the hands of inept African tribes is an abhorrence. In the words of the Earl of Cromer, “Is it probable that a government…led by men of such poor ability as Arabi and his coadjutators, would have been able to control a complicated machine of this nature?” Ignorant Egyptians would destroy this area of such economic importance. England is the only one that can be in charge of Egypt. British Imperialism must not stop; it’s the only possible solution to this problem. As the Earl of Cromer rightly stated, “A great nation cannot throw off the responsibilities which its past history and its position in the world have imposed upon it.” Therefore our country has a responsibility to itself, and to its economy to keep up and move ahead with Imperialism.
As a world power, we have a duty to ourselves. We must seek new economic markets. “To allow other nations to develop new fields, and to refuse to do so ourselves is to go backward; and this is most deplorable,” as stated by Captain Lugard. We cannot let our competition, the other European countries to go ahead economically through Imperialism. We need to rise up and come through strong in order to protect our economic interests, most noticeably in India and the Far East, which can only be protected through Africa, and Egypt. British Imperialism of Africa must continue, or else our standing as a world power will go from one of excellence and superiority to one of immeasurable defeat and inferiority.
While many argue that imperialism is not right, it is almost obvious that imperialism is necessary for England to expand and become one of the strongest world powers in Europe. Competition between nations is rising and securing English power would only benefit not only England, but also everywhere else they decide to expand into.
India for example has had a huge benefit from British rule. People such as Dacoits, Thugs, and Pindarees have been removed and people no longer have to worry about robbery or terrorization. Highly educated British administrators also educated men and women from their own literature about social morals and general knowledge. Along with this India improved politically. They were granted freedom of speech and liberty of the press. Also, being that people were more educated they had more political knowledge and aspirations for how to improve their nation. The government improved and greedy rulers were dismissed. People were safer and did not have to worry about war or the security of their life and property. Not only were these things improved but India also improved materially. Loans were granted for India to build railways, which helped speed trade up which in turn helped bring in more profit. From their railways India could export indigo, tea, coffee, silk, and other materials. Dadabhai Naoroji stated that, “I appreciate, and so do my countrymen, what England has done for India, and I know that it is only in British hands that her regeneration can be accomplished.” British improved India in so many ways and like Naoroji said, it was only British that could have done so. India was suffering and it was from the help of the British that they were brought back on their feet. The education the British proved India with was most important because it led to an improved and more knowledgeable government, better ideas on exporting and trade, and ideas to decrease crime and famine.
The vast Empire of Great Britain has done nothing but bring good fortune and wealth to the state of Britain. Not to say that it has not benefited others. Britain has expanded its empire to three main regions: Africa, Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. I will focus on the imperialism of the Indian subcontinent. India is a vast region in southern asia and provides access to the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and of course, the Indian Ocean. The inhumane activities occurring before Britain's arrival are almost too barbaric to comprehend. The women of India would practice a ritual known as sati. During said ritual, widows would burn themselves to death on top their husbands' funeral pyre. Another shocking ritual, is that of neonatal infanticide. In Hindu society, it is preferred that the mother bear a boy, not girl. In many families, if the infant was found to be female, they would proceed in killing it. Along with Britain's arrival, such heinous acts have been outlawed.
From her presence in the subcontinent, the glorious nation of England has benefited as well. India houses resources such as opium, coal, salt mines, iron ore, and gold. Many of these resources are transferred from India to England and have been excellent aids to our economy. Our empire is ever-growing, and truly deserves the title of the nation on which “the sun will never set.” Other countries such as France, Spain, and Portugal are also in the imperialist fray, and if Britain had not acted as it did to take every piece of land it deemed necessary to take, our nation would have been viewed as weak, and would not be as prosperous as it is today. But not only has it been beneficial to England, but the Indian people have gained much as well. In Dadahbhai Naoroji's essay, the Benefits of British Rule, written in 1871, he explains of how British rule has been shined upon both countries. The abolition of sati and infanticide, education for both males and females, which contains an abundance of new information that Britain has been kind enough to share. Textile factories in India have created thousands of new jobs, allowing even the simplest of men to hold an occupation. British military forces have maintained peace and order, and the freedoms of liberty and of press have been granted to the Indian people. Also, loans to build railroads and irrigation ditches have been donated. Also, the Indians people have been granted access to luxuries such as indigo, tea, coffee, and silk because of their relationship with Britain.
Some may question our being in India as a greed for land and resources. All one has to do is look at the facts. Have the Indians themselves not gained immensely from our presence? And all we have asked in return is access to resources the continent is abundant with. Have we not restored order and halted terrible rituals? We have done them a dignified service, and I strongly believe that we should continue to stay there, for the betterment of England and India.
The British Empire is making a significant impact upon various nations around the world. The British have emerged as leading predecessors in imperialism, and are leaving their imprints all across the globe as of today. Such imprints may perhaps be forever embedded within the various customs practiced by the indigenous populations dwelling upon lands under British control. Over the past few decades, The British Empire has developed itself into an advanced power on a global scale. The impact of British Rule has been immense upon the diverse customs of indigenous populations under the empire.
Despite the fact that established British imperialism faces much criticism these days, the British are actually playing a key role in enhancing and improving the values of nations under the Empire. Furthermore, the British Empire itself is thriving under British imperialism in many ways as well.
The subcontinent of India is one of the many regions under British control. British imperialism is significantly influencing the indigenous populations of the subcontinent by advancing the many conditions that such natives have lived under for numerous decades if not centuries. The British spread the subcontinent of India with order and established stability throughout the region in many ways. Despite practicing religious toleration within the subcontinent, the British are beginning to intervene with the horrific rituals that many Hindus practice which involve the burning of a widow upon her deceased husband’s grave. This religious custom is known as the sati, which had been practiced by Hindus for centuries. "No innocent blood shall be spilt", said Governor / General William Bentinck. The British government obviously condemned and recently abolished the cruel and horrendous practice. Moreover, the British today are playing a key role in developing a better image of women in the subcontinent by exposing their importance and by providing them with an education. The British Empire provided an education to men as well.
The subcontinent of India is undergoing various changes with the support of the British Empire for the betterment of the Indian people. The British have been actively funding the placement of railways throughout various regions all over the subcontinent which will enhance the means of transportation. The British are also in the process of significantly improving the farming techniques of the Indians by introducing new irrigation systems. The British are further enhancing the Indian economy through the export of raw materials such as indigo and tea.
Thus British imperialism is certainly allowing India to discover its capabilities and how it can further impact trade around the world. If British imperialism wasn’t established in the subcontinent of India, then India would have perhaps remained the way it had for centuries and may even have remained an inferior nation that didn’t have an influence upon the world in any way. However, British imperialism created a prosperous India and further raised India’s standard around the world in various aspects. Therefore, the subcontinent of India is indeed a perfect example of a nation that has raised the flag of British imperialism.
Imperialism: A Duty and an Honor
Imperialism is defined as a policy in which one country extends its rule of a nation over other countries to acquire colonies. Recently British people have been questioning the morals and ethics of imperialism. However, when we are ameliorating another society, it does not seem possible that imperialism can be considered unethical. As many of you know, Great Britain has established colonies in India, and we have been improving their lives by providing them with education, eliminating the amount of poverty, boosting the economy, and overall revitalizing India.
Men such as the influential Dadabhai Naoroji, Indian nationalist, have praised Great Britain for all the things they have done for India. Naoroji said, “I appreciate, and so do my countrymen, what England has done for India, and I know that it is only in British hands that her regeneration can be accomplished.” Fellow Britons, I ask you, how is this unethical?
India was a country without much money, but with the financial assistance of Great Britain they were able to start fresh and began building railroads, which made traveling and trade easier. Before all of this, India had never taken advantage of their resources to trade, but the Britons enlightened them on trading and encouraged them to export goods such as: tea, silk, and indigo. With trade and travel, India’s economy expanded, and they began making more money and communicating with the outside world. Technological advancements, such as the telegraph, made communication easier for everyone around the world, and with India’s newly earned profits, they too were now able to indulge in services such as these.
Since Indians were so poor many were uneducated and illiterate, so the Britons took it upon themselves to educate the people of India, men and women alike. While teaching them about their own culture, they also opened up the classical pieces of literature from the west to Indians, and in this way we have spread some of our beliefs to them. The Indians have accepted our civilization with open arms. However, we have not burdened them with western culture, because we believe it is important for them to practice their own cultural beliefs and rituals. While over there, Britons decided not to interfere with the practices of Hinduism or Buddhism. Although, Britain has rid Indians of the Hindu practice of “sati,” which was when women would voluntarily burn themselves on the graves of their husbands after their husbands died, because it was truly unsafe.
After Great Britain has aided India’s development in beneficial ways, how can one question the ethics of imperialism? For one to call imperialism evil would illustrate that person’s naïveté.
Imperialism is the underlying reason of much of the Britain's longstanding
success and expansion. Because of their expansion into new regions such as
India, China, and Africa, Britain was able to determine a sort of foothold
in the regions to benefit the economy. One of our most important gains was
the territory in India, which supplied our economy with a wealth of
resources and workers. More jobs have been created, and as a result, more
production of goods. In addition, Britain's intervention in India gave the
people the advancements that were needed to sustain life in a
technologically advancing world. Without European powers in India, there
would still be tyrants ruling, and the economic benefits would only affect
the wealthy. Britain even managed to improve India's social problems,
including the "Abolition of suttee and infanticide. Destruction of Dacoits,
Thugs, Pindarees, and other such pests of Indian society. Allowing
remarriage of Hindu widows, and charitable aid in time of famine. Glorious
work all this, of which any nation may well be proud, and such as has not
fallen to the lot of any people in the history of mankind" (Naoroji).
Though other countries scramble during this race of imperialism,
it is clear who is winning. Even though other countries criticize our
rapid expansion into Asian and African regions, it is simply because
they are angered that they were not quick enough or powerful enough to
claim the regions for themselves. "The harshest condemnation that has
visited England because of her Indian successes has proceeded from
nations who have never been backward in seizing the lands of other
nations," claims journalist Charles Creighton Hazewell. Further,
accusations of British greed from other European countries, are hardly
relevant since India, too, has benefited so well from British
involvement. Because of our aggressive nature as one of the most
powerful nations, we have many regions, which is beneficial to both
our country and others around the world. Our rule in India has been
especially prosperous in our intake of new resources limited to the
subcontinent. The Indian people have been well-educated to help them
run their own internal affairs.
El Hakim once said, "Adversity is like the period of the former and
of the latter rain, -- cold, comfortless, unfriendly to man and to animal; yet from that season have their birth the flower and the fruit, the date, the rose, and the pomegranate (British India)." This adversity he is referring to is a multitude of dangers faced by Britain at the end of the eighteenth century, coming both from France as well as Austria. These dangers, however, led to advanced British ideas of Imperialism to help strengthen the country and to reestablish it as a European powerhouse. Among other areas that the British occupied, such as Africa and the Middle East, India helped to truly enforce the idea of Britain's true world power. These territories were ruled under a very unique set of ideals held by the British about Imperialism, and by the end of the nineteenth century these ideals became almost dangerous. The policies held by Britain were by no means progressive. As Charles Hazewell says, "There is nothing like the rule of the English in India to be found in history. It has been compared to the dominion which Rome held over so large a portion of the world; but the comparison has not the merit of aptness (British India)." This aptness he refers to is the population that the Empires controlled, with the Indian subcontinent accumulating to more people than all of the Roman Empire. Controlling such a large population size with a "hands-off" approach that Britain took with its colonies creates some very difficult and peculiar problems. A very common issue is when Britain asserts its power and alienates its people. When Britain tried to reassert itself in India and rule directly, there was a significant amount of civil unrest and made the country's social structure less stable. Not only was this detrimental to the country itself, but it proved that Britain's policy of Imperialism wasn't strong enough to hold onto such a substantial country as India. Even to this day, Britain's hold on India is known both as a success on a high level, in the act of actually acquiring the subcontinent, and a great failure. "The English have frequently been denounced... for their errors in governing India (British India)."
Britain has a long history of imperialism. It’s also been debated for almost as long of a time. While it has some benefits for Brittan, it clearly has negative effects and motives behind it. One of these countries that Brittan has affected poorly is china. The East India Company had been a large factor behind their involvement. However this involvement in china was clearly a result of greed and economic exploitation.
Using its base located in India, the British company had managed to make an increasingly large profit from exporting opium to china. This trade, which had been made illegal by the Qing dynasty by the year 1729, helped reverse the trade deficits that came from the British imports of tea. This import of tea to Britain caused a huge flow of money from Britain to China. However this import of opium alarmed the Qing dynasty at the time because of the reverse in the economy and the new problem of addiction. Solving this problem however was very difficult because of corrupt officials. In 1839 the Chinese authorities at Canton seized a large shipment of opium. The British didn’t take to kindly to this. This event then sparked the first opium war, and then Britain took over the island of Hong Kong and used it as a base. The British then basically forced opium into china. This benefited Britain enormously but had less than positive effects on china. The opium addiction in china caused an economic disaster and weakened a once strong nation.
Opium was not the only negative effect the British had. Its sailors and merchants also had little respect for china and its people. For example, in July of 1839 British sailors started a riot and destroyed a temple near Kowloon. They also killed a man who had tried to stop them. Six sailors were put on trial by the British authority in Canton, but they were then released after they returned to England. It was that kind of injustice that caused harm to china. Because of these things this wasn’t a case of colonization, it was clearly a case of pure imperialism. The British didn’t care for the well being of china like they would have of they were colonizing it. They strictly wanted the economic benefits and didn’t care for the nation itself. Because of this I can’t say that I agree with the 19th century British expansion policy.
Ryan Kipfer
Mr. Kirby
AP European History
2/26/08
Editorial: Imperialism at its Worst?
The British Empire has long been a nation that seeks wealth and prosperity outside of its borders. Whether it is on the other side of the Atlantic or in Africa or Asia our nation has always had the desire to expand. But this imperialism has become completely one sided causing much pain and suffering to completely innocent and defenseless human beings. It is not denied that the imperialism in Africa has greatly helped our nation, but honestly, at what cost to those poor people?
Ever since our arrival centuries ago the African people have faced much torment and distress. They have been treated as inferiors all because of the way they speak, look, and dress. Just because they act differently or their society is less technologically advanced doesn’t give anyone the right to treat them as anything but equals. Not only have they watched as their land was taken away and their villages were overrun, but they have also had to deal with physical attacks at the hands of people with far more advanced weaponry.
Imperialism is viewed differently by all the nations of the world. Some countries view it primarily as a means to gain territory/land while other countries are solely involved to increase their economies. However, although the views are different, it is almost always carried out the same way. The people are constantly exploited and more often than not abused mentally and/or physically. And guess which country is at the forefront of this mistreatment and exploitation. The people of our country have no respect for those of Africa and treat them as expendable parts of a large organization. Whatever has to be done to gain a profit and ensure the continued success of the business will be done.
The way the Africans are treated is 100% deplorable. There are numerous stories showing the abuses that these defenseless people have faced. In 1898 Sudanese tribesmen tried to stop a British expedition but failed miserably and were gunned down by the newly developed machine gun. One account of the battle states that it was not a battle at all but an “execution…The bodies were not in heaps…but they spread evenly over acres and acres…others were torn to pieces.” The final numbers from the “battle” showed that there were 28 British deaths and around 11,000 Sudanese deaths. Our great explorers and businessmen have also been very deceitful towards African leaders. One case recalls an African King who signed away “the right to all the minerals of my country.” Clearly the way these people are treated is wrong and in no way, shape, or form justifiable.
As can be seen, imperialism is a negative idea that needs to be stopped. The people of our nation have taken control of land that is not theirs and have harmed people without real reason. When it comes to imperialism, unite and stand strongly opposed because it does way more harm than good. Think, act, and end imperialism forever.
Ryan Kipfer
Mr. Kirby
AP European History
2/26/08
Imperialism
Imperialism is an absolute necessity to the well being of the British Empire. It is the essential component in securing the power and wealth for the British Empire. Africa is currently free from colonization. By colonizing Africa it would bring great wealth, and power to Britain. Not colonizing Africa would give other European States to expand their wealth and catch up to Great Britain. Social Darwinism dictates only the fittest and the best survive. Therefore it is the British Empire’s to expand and colonize the lesser nations.
Africa is full of natural resources and can greatly increase the wealth of Great Britain. Africa is the home to the illustrious diamond. These pieces of elegance and beauty are one of the many things that Africa has to offer. Diamonds bring enormous economy to the British Empire, which allows Britain to purchase arms, ships, and other items can be used to protect and help Africa in its industrialization. The diamond industry not only does it benefit Great Britain, it also provides jobs to the African people. These people who would be in tribes or barbaric warfare now is employed under the majesty.
Economy is essential for Wars, and Power in the European States. Egypt a country in Africa is a number one priority to the British Empire. Egypt is the home to the Suez Canal which is a railway to the Indian subcontinent. By controlling the Suez Canal the British Empire reaches the zenith of all European countries. This canal is too valuable for the indigenous people. Cromer says, “Is it probable that a government…led by men of such poor ability as Arabi and his coadjutators, would have been able to control a complicated machine of this nature?” The Africans can not handle and does not acknowledge the economic importance of this stature. They do not posses the knowledge or the power to operate such machinery. It is then the British’s power to use it for its benefits and move ahead in imperialism.
I believe Imperialism is crucial to Britain and all other European states. Areas like China, India, and Africa hold enormous abundance in natural resources and great treasures. If the country itself will not use these to its advantage then it is up to Great Britain to use these resources to the fullest extent. “To allow other nations to develop new fields, and to refuse to do so ourselves is to go backward; and this is most deplorable,” as stated by Captain Lugard. We must not let other nations get ahead of Britain by using these countries. The British Empire cannot let countries like France use the resources and get ahead of us. We must colonize and conquer for it is our right stated by the facts of Social Darwinism. For the Motherland we must charge forward with Imperialism. Imperialism will make Great Britain the greatest country in the entire world.
Imperialism is as defined by Webster’s dictionary “the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas.” This may seem to emphasize that the direct or indirect rule of the other country by the dominating power has no benefits to the country it is controlling. This was not the case with Britain and India.
Under imperialism, India was able to make great strides in certain areas that would not be possible without the help of Great Britain and the imperial rule set into place. Great Britain was able to establish peace and order to the land and promote freedom of speech and liberty of press. It also was able to fix up transportation systems by building railroads in India too.
Although it seemed as if the rule had a huge upside, of course British rule had strained India too. India had a huge debt that was started to rack up from the taxation of Britain. In addition, the government powers were held directly by the British. Britain never followed through with its plans to give native people fair representation in higher administrative offices. Thus, showing that the country would not be able to stand by itself.
One thing is for certain that in order for Great Britain to flourish it was necessary for it to spread its boarders and use imperialism to maintain and fuel its vast empire. Although the British rule had some positive changes socially in India, economically it was draining the life from India. The native people referred to British rule as “Sakar ki Churi” which means the knife of sugar. Now although Britain was not completely oppressive in its rule, it still had a drain on the country. Not only that, but these people were not having any say in the government office. I could careless if anyone thinks that the benefits were worth not being able to be represented in government. It allows for too much power to be used by Britain and not enough for those who were on this land before. Is it not true that the great country of the United States of America itself broke free from the imperialistic rule of Great Britain too? We quickly forget that our country was once under a similar regime that India had to endure. For one to think that imperialism is not another form of oppression does not understand the importance of having a voice in governing matters.
Imperialism at its finest
Imperialism, the pride and jewel of European expansionists, has been received quite well in the general population of England, and who can blame the gentlemen and ladies of this blessed nation. Only a fool would detest a something such as Imperialism, which brings to Britain wealth, power, fame, luxuries, and land. Although Imperialism may seem to be a perfect process in which we, Britons, can only benefit from its presence and effects, there is, however, another side of Imperialism that has been shadowed and hidden by mass propaganda; shown especially in British-Chinese contact, which warns us to contain this “imperialism” madness before it gets out of hand.
The Chinese has always been reluctant towards trade with Europe, and other foreign countries. Herself a great civilization, China was both technologically advanced and far better off economically than some of the nations in Europe. There weren’t much for European nations to trade to China, but there sure were a lot of goods that China could have traded to Europe. We, the British, whom were exasperated by our incompetence and inability to muster adequate trade with the Chinese, sank so low as to expose the Chinese public with opium. A highly addictive drug, Opium swept through China like a monsoon. The population of China has been ruined and devastated by this drug; restrictions will not stop the multiple cases of black marketing of opium.
Such way of trading does indeed provide Britain with a constant flow of money into its treasury; the aim of Imperialism, but have we the Briton sunk so low as to poison other human been in order to achieve our economic interests? Is causing massive medical complications and millions in drug overdose and possible death worth the trade contracts and money that is obtained? Suddenly the complications imperialism seems to outweigh the benefits.
As described by Eva March, “Its people are at one time like vultures, and they are like wild beasts, with dispositions more fierce and furious than the tiger or wolf, and natures more greedy than anacondas or swine.” These actions by our empire, not only gives our nation a bad image, it also hurts us politically. Who would want to ally with us or even trade with us when news of our uncompromising and cruel trade agreements with China begins to gather publicly? Not to mention that we have just made one of the most ancient nation in the world a hater of our country and a probable future enemy of war.
This Imperialism fever must be contained for the future glory and stability of Britain. Bad reputation and abuse of “imperialized” nations can bring the downfall to the Kingdom of England. Too much of anything is bad, especially the possibility of over dependence on this flow of illegal and unstable trade from these countries. Nothing prevents this trade from falling apart, or starting war, and that would be detrimental to the advancement of England.
Post-Industrialization European states had one main goal on their minds: to make their country wealthier, more powerful and more successful than their peers. The most reliable path to success was imperialism and expansion. The more land a nation presided over, the more money they brought into their treasuries and the more influence they had in European affairs. During the nineteenth century England decided to flex its imperialist muscles and launched a three- way attack on Africa, China and a large portion of India. The British, confident in the success their national institutions and practices could bring to India arrived on the sub-continent with the obvious intent to turn it into a “Little England”. They were completely appalled by the Indian practiced of sati, which was the burning of widows on their husband’s graves. In addition to abolishing inhumane practices such as this they also sought to expand and improve the Indian economy and restore “peace and order” to the region.
For the most part the English entered India with the best of intentions. However, these were the best of intentions for their country, not for India. Their main goal was economic expansion. The British East India Company was extremely interested in the wealth of recourses such as tea, rice, indigo, silk and cotton that could be found in the region. These raw materials would be essential to the growth of the factory system in England which would leave to extreme economic gain and more political influence abroad. As the English the economic gains in opening factories in India and producing goods there as well the British factory owners in India reached out to the Indian population to work in their factories. This would bring employment and income to many areas that were previously impoverished. They also brought irrigation systems, railways and education to a region that was lacking in it.
The British Imperial Rule in India had both positive and negative effects on the subcontinent. The primary negative aspects were the ignorance of the needs and desires of the Indian population. There was “an utter disregard of the feelings and views of the natives” which caused several clashes between British rulers and the Indian rulers they appointed (However, much more good was done than harm, which makes British Imperialism in this region unarguably feasible.
Works Cited:
My Happy Brain
Post-Industrialization European states had one main goal on their minds: to make their country wealthier, more powerful and more successful than their peers. The most reliable path to success was imperialism and expansion. The more land a nation presided over, the more money they brought into their treasuries and the more influence they had in European affairs. During the nineteenth century England decided to flex its imperialist muscles and launched a three- way attack on Africa, China and a large portion of India. The British, confident in the success their national institutions and practices could bring to India arrived on the sub-continent with the obvious intent to turn it into a “Little England”. They were completely appalled by the Indian practiced of sati, which was the burning of widows on their husband’s graves. In addition to abolishing inhumane practices such as this they also sought to expand and improve the Indian economy and restore “peace and order” to the region.
For the most part the English entered India with the best of intentions. However, these were the best of intentions for their country, not for India. Their main goal was economic expansion. The British East India Company was extremely interested in the wealth of recourses such as tea, rice, indigo, silk and cotton that could be found in the region. These raw materials would be essential to the growth of the factory system in England which would leave to extreme economic gain and more political influence abroad. As the English the economic gains in opening factories in India and producing goods there as well the British factory owners in India reached out to the Indian population to work in their factories. This would bring employment and income to many areas that were previously impoverished. They also brought irrigation systems, railways and education to a region that was lacking in it.
The British Imperial Rule in India had both positive and negative effects on the subcontinent. The primary negative aspects were the ignorance of the needs and desires of the Indian population. There was “an utter disregard of the feelings and views of the natives” which caused several clashes between British rulers and the Indian rulers they appointed (However, much more good was done than harm, which makes British Imperialism in this region unarguably feasible.
Works Cited:
My Happy Brain
In an age of growing industrialization and increased economic competition, the amplified need to maintain dominance over other countries has lead to an emergence of broader imperialistic holdings in the eastern hemisphere by Great Britain. To do this England has increased its efforts to colonize new areas of land in Africa, India and Asia. Especially affected by these acts of imperialism were the native peoples of Africa, who witnessed an influx of British ideals and economic principles into their everyday lives. While there are some people who think that the British motives are justified and were made in the best interest of the country, one could also see that the moves were extremely cruel and degrading to the indigenous way of life. By imposing their economic dominance over the people of Africa, the British have exploited the natural resources of these lands and created a situation in which the Africans are being brutally oppressed. The natives of the land are incapable of defending themselves from the superior weapons and technology of the British and thus are unjustly being forced to give up their land. It is clearly evident we have long overstayed our welcome and our tactics have been recognized as an invasion of a society’s well-being and a disrespect of an economic partnership. It is not right that the people of these African countries should be treated as a speed bump on the road to British world dominance. They have every right to fight for the natural resources that their land holds, and the blood, sweat and tears they put into the work should not be honored with disrespect from foreign countries. Written in 1899, Rudyard Kipling’s, The White Man’s Burden reflected the thoughts of foreign imperialistic nations and the effect on the indigenous people.
“Take up the White Man's burden--
In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple,
An hundred times made plain
To seek another's profit,
And work another's gain.
By no means are the British industrial executives justified in taking advantage of all the benefits that result from the hard work of the local people. It is clearly apparent that they will stop at nothing to obtain financial success, regardless of who they take down with them. Many countries in Africa have succeeded without our guidance. Why should choose to impose upon them now? We as a nation must put ourselves in the shoes of those affected by these atrocities and ask ourselves if we truly wish to promote the behavior which is degrading the lives of millions of people.
The wondrous benefits of Imperialism outweigh the negative effects to a major extent. Britain has helped countries to grow and expand in immense ways, including Britain’s strong influence in India. Although there is debate of whether Britain’s role in India was in fact beneficial to the natives or not, it is clear that Britain did in fact help more than hinder India’s growth and development. Britain helped India in many ways overall, but more specifically it helped politically, involving civilization and humanity, as well as with material development.
Politically, England has allowed for freedoms and liberties to be allowed to the people. It gave the poor Indian people equality between men, and allowed them to be freed from oppressive leaders. The British helped to reform the Indian government to allow for the betterment of all of the country’s individuals. Can you say that someone who is working for freedom, peace and order is causing harm to others? No, all that can be said is that they are doing the best they can with the resources they have in order to protect and serve those whose country they are colonizing.
A country without a good education system, one that burns widows and kills unfit newborns should not be left alone without interference. If Britain, as a country who could do something about this, left innocent people to be killed by an out of control government and population, we would be just as responsible as those lighting the fires under those widows being killed. Through our Imperialism and colonization of these people, we allowed for the remarriage of those widows who before would have been victims of suttee, and we have begun to educate those of lesser nations. Both men and women of India are being educated, and this is leading to the end of moral and social evils brought about by a severely flawed system.
Though Britain seemed to have affected the Indian subcontinent in many ways, they for the most part are positive. They stopped injustices such as infanticide and allowed the governmental and educational systems to grow enormously. The British have an intense expansion and imperialism policy, and although this policy seems intense, it can only help the people of those countries in which they are colonizing, and that is the only thing it did, it helped and continues to help these weaker nations, that do in fact need our help.
It is commonly said that in the peak of European imperialism that “the sun never sets on the British empire.” While this is true the sun did set for many of the people oppressed in the controlled areas of India. The was no moral justification for the empire that Great Britain established. Any buzzwords or reasons they used were erroneous. I think Sir Thomas best described the true nature of Imperialism when he said, “everywhere do I perceive a certain conspiracy of rich men seeking their own advantage under the name and pretext of the commonwealth”(Hobson 1). Why would a nation allow such a corrupt act to happen then, the answer seems that the “business interests of the nation as a whole are subordinated to those of certain sectional....gain”(Hobson 1)Imperialism was just another word to mask the age old greed that resides in the heart of all men. Those trying to defend Imperialism will always fall back on the claim that it is very good for business when backed into a corner. Unfortunately this cannot be disputed because there is a growth in business, but only for certain classes and certain trades within the nation. These gains come at a high price though; the vast expenditures, the costly wars , the risk of embarrassment in regards to foreign policy and the stoppage of political and social reforms with Great Britain.
This is a fairly broad overview on the problems of imperialism as a whole. Now we will delve more specifically into the negative effects that it had on India. This was a special case because the greatest crime that Great Britain committed against India was not to enslave or kill it's people, but simply to run their government so much that it made them incapable of being autonomous. As the great Mohandas Gandhi once said " You English committed one supreme crime against my people. For a hundred years you have done everything for us. You have given us no responsibility for our own government."(imperialism 1) No local Indians were put in important positions in the newly formed government therefore they had no knowledge on how to run it. And as can be expected the British intrusion also led to breaking apart of prior Indian formed business and trades. This breakup is apparent in the ensuing unemployment.
In conclusion imperialism is a terrible thing for countless reasons. It strips nations of their autonomy and prior practices and forces them to assimilate to a foreign power against their will. There is no justification for this and to practice it only shows how greedy a nation truly is.
Work Cited:
"Imperialism in India." 123HelpMe.com. 27 Feb 2008
http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=22842>.
John A. Hobson (1858-1940): The Economic Parasites of Imperialism [At Marxists.org]
With specific regards to the Indian subcontinent, the British policy of imperialism has been successful thus far and should be continued. There are a few major tenets by which imperialism in this area reflects Britain’s best interests: economic prosperity, international prestige, and the British duty to better the lives of the natives.
First and foremost, British control of India has reaped vast economic benefits. Britain now has a monopolizing hold on such lucrative Indian markets as tea, indigo, silk, and coffee. Of course British presence in the area began with the exploits of the British East India Company. Sir Robert Clive soon recognized the wealth to be had, and sparked a glorious campaign to put India under British sovereign control. Such a colony gives the best and adventurous businessmen of Britain the opportunity to find their success overseas. An extension of the capitalist business model, India serves as a venue to multiply the wealth of Great Britain. Parliament will also gain taxation rights over a nation of 300 million people.
Secondly, the world shall recognize the might of the British Empire with continued conquest of colonies such India. Where the French and Portuguese colonies have failed and withered away, the British now hold complete dominion. The world today witnesses a jostling among the European powers to exhibit their might and nationalistic fervor by gaining as much land as possible around the world. Respect for Britain among other powers will certainly soon be measured by her imperialistic holdings—and in this game of world domination, India is indeed the crown jewel of an empire. The existence of such a large holding on the other side of the world is a lasting testament and reminder to the rest of the world of Britain’s naval superiority.
Finally, in accordance with popular thinking of today, Britain holds a responsibility to improve the lives of less civilized peoples of the world. The British attitude towards the Indian people has revealed some shortcomings, but in the larger scope of things, British presence has modernized India and made its people better off. Naoroji notes that in humanitarian aspects, the British have shown nothing but progress. Abolition of the widow-burning practice of sati and infanticide, and a crackdown on the notorious Thuggee gangsters are examples of positive British impact. Much in the way of infrastructure, such as telegraph lines, irrigation works, and railroads, has been developed. Peace and order reigns over a land previously divided among warring kingdoms. There are objections however, to the manner in which the native people are rarely put in authoritative positions among the administrative bodies. It is supposed that Indians should have a say in running their own affairs. The Indians call British rule sakar ki chuuri—a knife that is sugarcoated, but nevertheless a knife. With a little more consideration to the wants of the natives, imperialism will be a benefit to all parties involved, and especially for the might of the British Empire.
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